REFERENCES

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Chapter 1

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Dwyer, J. (2006, February). Starting down the right path: nutrition connections with chronic diseases of later life. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88(2): 4155–4205.

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Waterland, R. A., & Randy, L. J. (2003), August). Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 23(15): 5293–5300.

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Chapter 2

Aaron, K. J., & Saunders, P. W. (2013). The role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 88: 987–995.

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Fung, B. (2012, September 14). People who read nutrition labels are skinnier. The Atlantic. Retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/09/people-who-read-nutrition-labels-are-skinnier/262393/

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REF-2

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Chapter 3

Bieskieierski, J. R., Peters, S. L., Newnham, E. D., Rosella, O., Muir, J. R., & Gibson, R. (2013, August). No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology, 145(2): 320–328. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.051.

Catassi, C., et al. (2013, September 26). Non-Celiac Gluten sensitivity: the new frontier of gluten related disorders. Nutrients, 5(10): 3893–3853. doi: 10.3390/nu5103839.

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Grundmann, O., & Yoon, S. L. (2010, January 13). Irritable bowel syndrome: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment: An update for health-care practitioners. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 25(4): 691–699. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06120.x

Kellow, N. J., Coughlan, M. T., & Reid, C. M. (2014, April 14). Metabolic benefits of dietary prebiotics in human subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. British Journal of Nutrition, 111(7): 1147–1161. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513003607.

Losowsky, M. S. (2008, April). A History of Coeliac Disease. Digestive Diseases, 26(2): 112–120. doi:10.1159/000116768

Ludvigsson, J. F., Rubio-Tapia, A., van Dyke, C. T., Melton, L. J., Zinsmeister, A. R., Lahr, B. D., & Murray, J. A. (2013, May). Increasing incidence of celiac disease in a North American population. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(5): 818–824. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.60.

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Puschnik, A., Lau, L., Cromwell, E. A., Balmaseda, A., Zompi, S., & Harris, E. (2013, June 13). Correlation between dengue-specific neutralizing antibodies and serum avidity in primary and secondary dengue virus 3 natural infections in humans. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(6): e2274. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002274

Riddle, M. S., Murray, J. A., & Porter C. K. (2012, August). The incidence and risk of celiac disease in a healthy US adult population. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107(8): 1248–1255. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2012.130.

Roberfroid, M. (2007). Prebiotics: The Concept Revisited. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(3): 8305–8375.

REF-3

Rubio-Tapia, A., et al. (2009, February 4). Increased Prevalence and Mortality in Undiagnosed Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology, 137(1): 88–93. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.059

Rubio-Tapia, A., Ludvigsson, J. F., Brantner, T. L., Murray, J. A., & Everhart, J. E. (2012, October). The prevalence of celiac disease in the United States. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 107: 1538–1544. doi:10.1038/ajg.2012.219.

Sellitto, M., et al. (2012, March 14). Proof of concept of microbiome-metabolome analysis and delayed gluten exposure on celiac disease autoimmunity in genetically at-risk infants. PLOS One, 7(3). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033387.

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Chapter 4

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2012). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112: 739–748. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.009.

American Heart Association (2014, May 14). Sugars, Added Sugars, and Sweeteners. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyDietGoals/Sugars-and-Carbohydrates_UCM_303296_Article.jsp

Cho, S. S., Qi, L., Fahey, G. C., & Klurfeld, D. M. (2013, June 26). Consumption of cereal fiber, mixtures of whole grains and bran, and whole grains and risk reduction in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 98: 594–619. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.067629

Ferretti, R. J., & Levander, O. A. (1974). Effects of milling and processing on the selenium content of grains and cereal products. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 22(6): 1049–1051. doi: 10.1021/jf60196a057.

Food and Drug Administration (2006, February 15). FDA Provides Guidance on “Whole Grain” for Manufacturers. [Press Release]. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/2006/ucm108598.htm

Fornal, Ł., Soral-´Śmietana, M., ´Śmietana, Z., & Szpendowski, J. (1987), Chemical Characteristics and Physicochemical Properties of the Extruded Mixtures of Cereal Starches. Starch/Stärke, 39: 75–78. doi: 10.1002/star.19870390303.

Mobley, A. R., Slavin, J. L., & Hornick, B. A. (2013, September). The future of recommendations on grain foods in dietary guidance. Journal of Nutrition, 143(9): 1527S–1532S. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.175737.

Mozaffarian, R. S., Lee, R. M., Kennedy, M. A., Luwig, D. S., Mozaffarian, D., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2013, December). Identifying whole grain foods: a comparison of different approaches for selecting more healthful whole grain products. Public Health Nutrition, 16(12): 2255–2264. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012005447.

Otten, J. J., Hellwig, J. P, & Meyers, L. D. (eds). (2006). Dietary Carbohydrates: Sugars and Starches. The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (265–338). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Otten, J. J., Hellwig, J. P., & Meyers, L. D. (eds). (2006). Dietary, Functional, and Total Fiber. The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements (339–421). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (2014). Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweetener Resources. Food and Nutrition Information Center. Retrieved from http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/food-composition/nutritive-and-nonnutritive-sweetener-resources.

Yao, B., et al. (2014, February). Dietary fiber intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a dose-response analysis of prospective studies. European Journal of Epidemiology, 29(2): 79–88. doi: 10.1007/s10654-013-9876-x.

Chapter 5

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2013). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Oral Health and Nutrition. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(5): 693–701.

Alberti, K. G., et al. (2009, October 20). Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation, 120(16): 1640–1645. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 109.192644.

American Diabetes Association (2008, January). Nutrition Recommendations and Interventions for Diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 31(Supplement 1): S61–S78. doi: 10.2337/dc08-S061.

American Diabetes Association (2013). Carbohydrate Counting. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/understanding-carbohydrates/carbohydrate-counting.html

American Diabetes Association (2013). Common Diabetes Terms. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/common-terms/

American Diabetes Association (2013). Diagnosing Diabetes and Learning About Prediabetes. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/

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Brand-Miller, J., McMillian-Price, J., Steinbeck, K., & Caterson, I. (2009, August). Dietary glycemic index: health implications. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 28(supplement): 446S–449S.

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Esfahani, A., et al. (2009, August). The glycemic index: physiological significance. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 28(supplement): 439S–445S.

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Foster-Powell, K., Hold, S., & Brand-Miller, J. (2002, January). International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(1): 5–56.

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Han, S., Crowther, C. A., Middleton, P., Heatley, E. (2013, March 28). Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3: CD009275. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009275.pub2.

Higgins, J. A. (2004, May–June). Resistant starch: metabolic effects and potential health benefits. Journal of the AOAC International, 87(3): 761–768.

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Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L., & Utzschneider, K. M. (2006, December 14). Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature, 444: 840–846. doi:10.1038/nature05482.

Kilpatrick, E. S., Rigby, A. S., & Atkin, S. L. (2009, October). The diabetes control and complications trial: the gift that keeps on giving. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 5(10): 537–545. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2009.179.

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Chapter 6

Akoh, C. C. (1998, March). Fat replacers. Food Technology, 52(3): 47–53.

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American Heart Association (2014, January). Meet the Fats. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentofHighCholesterol/Know-Your-Fats_UCM_305628_Article.jsp

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Phang, M., Sinclair, A. J., Lincz, L. F., & Garg, M. L. (2012, February). Gender—specific inhibition of platelet aggregation following omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 22(2): 109–114. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.04.012.

Ryan, K. K., Woods, S. C., & Seeley, R. J. (2012, January 11). Central nervous system mechanisms linking the consumption palatable high-fat diets to the defense of greater adiposity. Cell Metabolism, 15(2): 137–149. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.12.013/

Siriwardhana, N., Kalupahana, N. S., & Moustaid-Moussa, N. (2012). Health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 65: 2011–2022. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-416003-3.00013-5.

U.S. Department of Agriculture (2014). DRI Tables. Retrieved from http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/dietary-reference-intakes/dri-tables

U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010, December). Food and Food Components to Reduce. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (7th ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Chapter 7

39 Years and Counting: Bogalusa Heart Study Charts Risk Factors in Child Health (2012, January 10). Global Health Spring/Summer 2014. Retrieved from http://tulanesphtm.wordpress.com

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2007, September). Dietary Fatty Acids for Healthy Adults. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 107(9): 1599–1611.

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (n.d.). Disorders of Lipid Metabolism: Evidence-based Nutrition Practice Guideline. Retrieved from http://andevidencelibrary.com/topic.cfm?cat=4527&auth=1

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American Heart Association (2013). American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goal. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319831.pdf

American Heart Association (2014). Drug Therapy for Cholesterol. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentof HighCholesterol/Drug-Therapy-for-Cholesterol_UCM_305632_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2014). Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/HealthyDietGoals/Fish-and-Omega-3-Fatty-Acids_UCM_303248_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2014). Understanding the new Prevention Guidelines. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Understanding-the-New-Prevention-Guidelines_UCM_458155_Article.jsp

American Heart Association (2014). What Your Cholesterol Levels Mean. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp/

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Berenson, G. S. (2001, November). Bogalusa Heart Study: a long term community study of a rural biracial population. American Journal of Medical Science, 322(5): 293–300.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012, October). Facts About Cholesterol. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm

Cheskin, L. J., Miday, R., Zorich, N., & Filoon, T. (1998, January 14). Gastrointestinal symptoms following consumption of olestra or regular triglyceride potato chips: a controlled comparison. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(2): 150–152.

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de Lorgeril, M., & Salen, P. (2012, May 21). New insights into the health effects of dietary saturated and omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. BMC Medicine, 10:50. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-50.

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REF-7

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Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., & van Horn, L. (2011). Recent advances in preventive cardiology and lifestyle medicine. Circulation, 123: 2870–2891.

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REF-8

Oh, K., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (2005). Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women: 20 years of follow-up of the Nurses’ Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161(7): 672–679. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi085

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Chapter 8

American Heart Association (2014). High-Protein Diets. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/High-Protein-Diets_UCM_305989_Article.jsp

Austin, G. L., Ogden, L. G., Hill, J. O. (2011, April). Trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes and association with energy intake in normal-weight, overweight and obese individuals: 1971–2006. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93(4): 836–843. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.000141.

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Chapter 9

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Burkert, N. T., Muckenhuber, J., Grobschädl F., Rasky, E., & Freidl, W. (2014, February 7). Nutrition and health—the association between eating behavior and various health parameters: a matched sample study. PLoS One, 9(2): e88278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088278.

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Weaver, C. M. (2009, May). Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89(5): 1634S–1637S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736O.

World map of vegetarians by country (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.targetmap.com/viewer.aspx?reportId=15061

Zazpe, I., Sanchez-Tainta, A., Toledo, E., Sanchez-Villegas, A., & Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A. (2014, January). Dietary patterns and total mortality in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(1): 37–47. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.024.

Chapter 10

Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., & Giuud, C. (2013, September 6). Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm? PLoS One, 8(9): e74558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074558.

Cavalier, E., Delanaye, P., Shapelle, J. P., & Souberbielle, J. C. (2009). Vitamin D: current status and perspectives. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 47(2) 120–127. doi 10.1515/CCLM.2009.036.

Diffey, B. L. (2010, August). Is casual exposure to summer sunlight effective at maintaining adequate vitamin D status? Photodermatology, Photoimmunology, Photomedicine, 26(4): 172–176. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2010.00518.x.

Diffey, B. L. (2010, June). Modelling the seasonal variation of vitamin D due to sun exposure. British Journal of Dermatology, 162(6): 1342–1348. doi: 10.1111/j.13652133.2010.09697

Ferland, G. (2012). The discovery of vitamin K and its clinical applications. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(3): 213–218. doi: 10.1159/000343108.

Forrest, K. Y., & Stuhldreher, W. L. (2011, January). Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in US adults. Nutrition Research, 31(1): 48–54. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2010.12.001.

Guiterrez-Mazariegos, J., Theodosiou, M., Campo-Paysaa, F., & Schubert, M. (2011, August). Vitamin A: a multifunctional tool for development. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 22(6): 603–610. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.06.001.

Gunta, S. S., Thadhani, R. I., & Mak, R. H. (2013, June). The effect of vitamin D status on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nature Reviews Nephrology, 9(6): 337–347. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2013.74.

Hariri, M., et al. (2013, May). B Vitamins and antioxidants intake is negatively correlated with risk of stroke in Iran. International Journal of Preventative Medicine, 4(Supplement 2): S284–S289.

Hojo, K., Watanabe, R., Mori, T., & Takemoto, N. (2007, September). Quantitative measurement of tetrahydromenaquinone-9 in cheese fermented by propionibacteria. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(9): 4078–4083.

Ku, Y. C., Liu, M. E., Ku, C. S., Liu, T. Y., & Lin, S. L. (2013, September 26). Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease. World Journal of Cardiology, 5(9): 337–346.

Lanska, D. J. (2010). Chapter 29: historical aspects of the major neurological vitamin deficiency disorders: overview and fat-soluble vitamin A. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 95: 435–444. doi: 10.1016/S0072-9752(08)02129-5.

Manoury, E., Jourdon, K., Boyaval, P., & Fourcassie, P. (2013, March). Quantitative measurement of vitamin K2 (menaquinones) in various fermented dairy products using a reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(3): 1335–1346. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5494.

Martineau, A., & Joliffe, D. (2014, July). Vitamin D and human health: from the gamete to the grave: report on a meeting held at Queen Mary University of London, 23rd–25th April 2014. Nutrients, 6(7) 2759–2919. doi: 10.3390/nu6072759.

Meydani, M. (2001, February). Vitamin E and atherosclerosis: beyond prevention of LDL oxidation. Journal of Nutrition, 131(2): 3665–3685.

Meydani, M., Han, S. N., & Wu, D. (2005). Vitamin E and immune response in the aged: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Immunology Review, 205:269–284.

Mitri, J. Muraru, M. D., & Pittas, A. G. (2011, September). Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(9): 1005–1015. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.118.

Muscogiuri, G., et al. (2012, February). Can vitamin D deficiency cause diabetes and cardiovascular diseases? Present evidence and future perspectives. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 22(2): 81–87. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.11.001.

National Cancer Institute (2014). Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/antioxidants

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (2013). Vitamin A—Health Professional Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (2011). Vitamin D—Health Professional Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/

National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements (2013). Vitamin D—Health Professional Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VITAMINE-HealthProfessional/

REF-12

Piro, A., Tagarelli, G., Lagonia, P., Tagarelli, A., & Quattrone, A. (2010). Casimir Funk: his discovery of the vitamins and their deficiency disorders. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 57(2): 85–88. doi: 10.1159/000319165.

Semba, R. D. (2012, October). The discovery of vitamins. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 82(5): 310–315. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000124.

Semba, R. D. (2012). On the ‘discovery’ of vitamin A. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(3): 192–198. doi: 10.1159/000343124.

Sommer, A., Vyas, K. S. (2012, November). A global clinical view on vitamin A and carotenoids. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(5): 1204S–6S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034868.

Rajakumar, K. (2003, August). Vitamin D, cod-liver oil, sunlight, and rickets: a historical perspective. Pediatrics, 112(2): e132–e135.

Ricciarelli, R., Argellati, F., Pronzato, M. A., & Domenicotti, C. (2007, October–December). Vitamin E and neurodegenerative diseases. Molecular Aspects in Medicine, 28(5–6): 591–606.

Rosenfeld, L. (1997, April). Vitamine—vitamin. The early years of discovery. Clinical Chemistry, 43(4): 680–685.

Vasanthi, H. R., Parameswari, R. P., & Das, D. K. (2011). Tocotrienols and its role in cardiovascular health—a lead for drug design. Current Pharmaceutical Design 17(21): 2170–2175.

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Weber, D., & Grune, T. (2012, February). The contribution of b-carotene to vitamin A supply of humans. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 56(2): 251–258. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201100230.

Wolf, G. (2005, March 1). The discovery of the antioxidant function of vitamin E: the contribution of Henry A. Mattill. The Journal of Nutrition, 135(3): 363–366.

Wolf, G. (2004, June 1). The discovery of vitamin D: the contribution of Adolf Windaus. The Journal of Nutrition: 134(6): 1299–1302.

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Yang, C. S., Suh, N., & Kong, A. T. (2012, May 1). Does Vitamin E prevent or promote cancer? Cancer Prevention Research 5: 701. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0045.

Chapter 11

American Cancer Society (2013). Phytochemicals. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsand minerals/phytochemicals

American Heart Association (2014). Homocysteine, Folic Acid and Cardiovascular Disease. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/NutritionCenter/Homocysteine%20-Folic-Acid-and-Cardiovascular-Disease_UCM_305997_Article.jsp

Berry, R. J., Bailey, L., Mulinare, J., Bower, C. & Folic Acid Working Group (2010, March). Fortification of flour with folic acid. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31(1 Supplement): S22–S35.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Risk Factors for Vitamin B12 Deficiency. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/b12/risks.html

Clarke, R., et al. (2007, November). Low vitamin B-12 status and risk of cognitive decline in older adults. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86(5):1384–1391.

Combs, G. F. (2012). The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health (4th ed). Waltham, MA: Academic Press.

Comerford, K. B. (2013, November 6). Recent developments in multivitamin/mineral research. Advances in Nutrition, 4(6): 644–656. doi: 10.3945/an.113.004523.

Crider, K. S., Bailey, L. B., & Berry, R. J. (2011, March). Folic acid food fortification—its history, effect, concerns, and future directions. Nutrients, 2(2):370–384. doi: 10.3390/nu3030370.

Cziraky, M. J., Watson, K. E., & Talbert, R. L. (2008, October). Targeting low HDL-cholesterol to decrease residual cardiovascular risk in the managed care setting. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, 14(8 Supplement): S3–S28.

De-Regli, L. M., Fernandez-Gaxiola, A. C., Dowswell, T., & Peña-Rosa, J. P. (2010, October 6). Effects of safety of periconceptional folate supplementation for preventing birth defects. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10: CD007950. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007950.pub2.

Fusco, D., Colloca, G., Lo Monaco, M. R., & Cesari, M. (2007). Effects of antioxidant supplementation on the aging process. Journal of Clinical Interventions in Aging, 2(3): 377–387.

Halliwell, B. (2012, May). Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutritional Review, 70(5): 257–265. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00476.x.

Hemila, H., & Chalker, E. (2013, January 31). Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1: CD000980. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4.

Higdon, J. (2002). Folic Acid. Linus Pauling Institute. Retrieved from http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/infocenter/vitamins/fa/#drug_interact

International Food Information Council Foundation (2011, July). Functional Foods. Retrieved from http://www.foodinsight.org/Content/3842/Final%20Functional%20Foods%20Backgrounder.pdf

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Malouf, R., & Grimley Evans, J. (2008, October 8). Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4: CD004514. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2.

Marti-Carvajal, A. J., Sola, I., Lathyris, D., Karakitsiou, D. E., & Simanccas-Racines, D. (2013, January 31). Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1: CD006612. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006612.pub3.

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Morris, M. S. (2012, November 1). The role of B vitamins in preventing and treating cognitive impairment and decline. Advances in Nutrition, 3(6): 801–812. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002535.

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Valko, M., Leibfritz, D., Moncol, J., Cronin, M., Mazur, M., & Telser, J. (2006). Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human diseases. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 39(1): 44–84.

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Zeisel, S. H., & da Costa, K. A. (2009, November). Choline: an essential nutrient for public health. Nutrition Review, 67(11): 615–623. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x.

Chapter 12

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2013). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: functional foods. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(8): 1096–1103.

Albanes, D. (2009, January 7). Vitamin supplements and cancer prevention: where do randomized controlled trials stand? Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101(1): 2–4.

Aleccia, J. (2012, October 17). Daily multivitamin cuts men’s cancer risk by 8 percent, large study finds. NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/daily-multivitamin-cuts-mens-cancer-risk-8-percent-large-study-f1C6519472

American Dietetic Association (2009). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Nutrient Supplementation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(12): 2073–2085. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.020.

Bailey, R. L., Gahche, J. J., Miller, P. E., Thomas, P. R., & Dwyer, J. T. (2013, March 11). Why US adults use dietary supplements. Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine, 173(5): 355–361. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2299.

Baily, R. L., Gahche, J. J., Thomas, P. R., & Dwyer, J. T. (2013, December). Why US children use dietary supplements. Pediatric Research, 74(6): 737–741. doi: 10.1038/pr.2013.160.

Baron, J. A., et al. (2003, March 6). A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(10): 891–899.

Baume, N., Mahler, N., Kamber, M., Mangin, P, & Saugy, M. (2005, January 6). Research of stimulants and anabolic steroids in dietary supplements. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 16(1): 41–48. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00442.x.

Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., & Gluud, C. (2007, February 28). Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(8): 842–857. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.8.842.

Briones, T., & Bruya, M. A. (1990, February). The professional imperative: research utilization in the search for scientifically based nursing practice. Focus on Critical Care, 17(1): 78–81.

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Kamber, M., Baume, N., Saugy, M., & Rivier, L. (2001, June). Nutritional supplements as a source for positive doping cases? International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 11(2): 258–263.

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Kumbhani, D. J., & Bhatt, K. L. (2006). Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS II). Medscape Cardiology. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/583792

Marcus, D. M., & Grollman, A. P. (2012, July 9). The consequences of ineffective regulation of dietary supplements. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(13): 1035–1036. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2687.

Mursu, J., Robien, K., Harnack, L., Park, K., & Jacobs, D. (2011). Dietary supplements and mortality rate in older women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Archives of Internal Medicines, 171(18): 1625–1633. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.445.

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National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) (2009). Omega-3 Supplements: An Introduction. Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/omega3/introduction.htm

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) (2013). Probiotics. Retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/probiotics

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Parker-Pope, Tara (2011, October 11). More Evidence Against Vitamin Use. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/more-evidence-against-vitamin-use/

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Chapter 13

Aaron, K. J., & Sanders, P. W. (2013, September). Role of dietary salt and potassium intake in cardiovascular health and disease: a review of the evidence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 88(9): 987–995. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.005.

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Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2012, September). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: The Impact of Fluoride and Health. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 112(9): 1443–1453.

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2013, April). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Nutrition Security in Developing Nations: Sustainable Food, Water, and Health. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(4): 581–595.

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2013, January). Potassium. Retrieved from http://www.eatright.org/Public/content.aspx?id=6801

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Chapter 14

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Chapter 15

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Chapter 16

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Chapter 17

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (2014, July). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Nutrition and Lifestyle for a Healthy Pregnancy Outcome. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114(7): 1099–1103.

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Brown, H. L., & Graves, C. R. (2013, March). Smoking and marijuana use in pregnancy. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 56(1): 107–113. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0b013e318282377d.

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Pena-Rosas, J. P., De-Regli, L. M., Dowswell, T., & Viteri, F. E. (2012, December 12). Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Systematic Review, 12:CD004736. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004736.pub4.

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Chapter 18

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Kranz, S., Brauchia, M., Slavin, J. L., & Miller, K. B. (2012). What do we know about dietary fiber intake in children and health? The effects of fiber intake on constipation, obesity, and diabetes in children. Advances in Nutrition, 3: 47–53. doi: 10.3945/an.111.001362.

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Chapter 19

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Weitzen, T. E., Corenlia-Carlson, T., Fitzpatrick, M. E., Kennington, B., Bean, P., & Jefferies, C. (2012, September 17). Treatment issues and outcomes for males with eating disorders. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 20(5): 444–459. doi: 10.1080/10640266.2012.715527.

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Chapter 20

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (April, 2013). Nutrition Security in Developing Nations: Sustainable Food, Water, and Health. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(4): 581–595.

Barfoot, P., & Brookes, G. (2014, March). Key global environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2012. GM Crops and Food, 5(2): 149–160.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013). Norovirus. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/index.html

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