FIGURE 4.20 Photo Essay: Urbanization in Europe Europe’s cities are famous throughout the world for their architecture, economic dynamics, and cultural variety. Many are quite ancient but have expanded in recent decades with large apartment blocks connected to the old city centers by public transportation. Despite their global draw, many European cities will shrink in the next several decades, due to declining national populations (as in Italy and parts of Central Europe), as well as to deliberate efforts to shift growth to other urban centers, as in the case of London. 4.20a Courtesy Slow Images/Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, 4.20b Courtesy Odd Andersen/AFP/Getty Images, 4.20c Courtesy Samuel Aranda/Getty Images, 4.20d Courtesy Sonnet Sylvain/hemis.fr/Getty Images