FIGURE 5.35 Bukhara, Uzbekistan. The ancient city of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, was founded in 500 b.c.e., though the area around it has been inhabited by sophisticated civilizations since 3000 b.c.e. Shown here is the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, a school built in 1536. Courtesy Bjorn Holland/The Image Bank/Getty Images