FIGURE 6.4 Variations in women’s freedom to exercise their human rights in five categories (2009). Each country was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest degree of freedom and 5 being the highest. A variety of factors was assessed for each nation and compiled into the five categories listed above. For reasons unknown, three countries—Turkey, Israel, and Sudan—were identified as not supplying data for this study. However, Freedom House reports elsewhere that in Israel, although women have achieved substantial parity at almost all levels of Israeli society, Arab communities in Israel and the occupied Palestinian Territories and ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities in Israel impose discrimination on women. In Turkey, the constitution grants women full equality before the law, but the World Economic Forum ranked Turkey at 124 out of 135 countries surveyed in its 2012 Global Gender Gap Index. Only about one-third of Turkish women participate in the labor force, and women hold just 14 percent of seats in Parliament. In Sudan, discrimination against women is severe.