FIGURE 8.32 The Afghanistan and Pakistan subregion. (A) The Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan is framed by the windows of the 700-year-old Baltit Fort in Karimabad. The people of Hunza Valley are known for their relatively high literacy rate (90 percent), which is due in part to educational programs funded by a wealthy hereditary imam known as the Aga Khan. Courtesy Iqbal Khatri/Flickr/Getty Images