10.5 Geographic Insights: Southeast Asia Review and Self-Test

• 1. Climate Change, Food, and Water: Conversion of forests to oil palm plantations, rice farms, subsistence plots, and settlements all add to greenhouse gas emissions, which intensify climate change and leave many people vulnerable to both flooding and occasional droughts.

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• 2. Globalization and Development: Globalization has brought spectacular economic successes and occasional, dramatic economic declines. Urban incomes soar during periods of growth, but the poor are vulnerable during periods of global economic decline.

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• 3. Power and Politics: Militarism, corruption, and favoritism are recurring issues in Southeast Asia. Although modernization and prosperity have brought significant increases in democratic participation, there have also been reversals, especially during periods of economic downturn. These sometimes result in violence, often against ethnic minorities.

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• 4. Population and Gender: Economic change has brought better job opportunities and increased status for women, who are then choosing to have fewer children. The improving roles and status of women have increased awareness that sex trafficking is an abuse of human rights.

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• 5. Urbanization, Food, and Development: The development of export-oriented modernized agriculture and agribusiness have forced farmers who were once able to produce enough food for their families to migrate to cities, where jobs that fit their skills are scarce, where they must purchase their food, and where the only affordable housing is in slums that lack essential services. Surplus skilled and semiskilled workers, especially women, often migrate abroad for employment.

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