Clarifying Concepts

When providing complex explanations, an audience may have difficulty even just understanding the meaning and use of certain terms. So it is important to clarify your concepts. You may find it useful to use one of the definition techniques discussed earlier. In addition, a particularly effective strategy for explanatory speeches is to provide elucidating explanations—details that illuminate the concept’s meaning and use. Good elucidating explanations do three things. First, they define a concept by listing each of its critical features. For example, notice in the following sentence how the speaker provides succinct illustrations for the concept of rhetoric: “Aristotle described the canons of rhetoric as consisting of pathos (appeal to emotions), logos (appeal to logic), and ethos (appeal to character).” Second, elucidating explanations contrast examples of the concept. For instance, a speaker might suggest that the difference between gun control and partial gun control is as distinct as night and day. Finally, elucidating examples present opportunities for audiences to distinguish examples from contrasting examples by looking for a concept’s critical features—for instance, demonstrating that the most important features of a right-handed person’s golf swing are keeping the left arm straight and keeping the head still.