Welcome

1 Exploring, planning, and drafting

Exercises

EXERCISE 1–3 Purpose and audience

EXERCISE 1–5 Thesis statements

EXERCISE 1–6 Thesis statements

EXERCISE 1–7 Introductions

Writing practice

Exploring a subject

Revising a thesis

Revising an introduction

Revising a conclusion

Managing your files

2 Revising, editing, and reflecting

Exercises

EXERCISE 2–1 Conducting a peer review

EXERCISE 2–2 Choosing an appropriate point of view

Writing practice

Using reviewers' comments

Sample student writing

Literacy narrative, draft with peer comments (MLA): Nguyen, Rough Draft

Literacy narrative (MLA): Nguyen, “A Place to Begin”

3 Building effective paragraphs

Exercises

EXERCISE 3–2 Topic sentences

EXERCISE 3–3 Transitions

Writing practice

Using transitions

Creating unity

LearningCurve

Topics and main ideas

Topic sentences and supporting details

Patterns of organization

4 Reading and writing critically

Writing practice

Reading actively

Drafting and revising an analytical thesis

Analyzing a text

Developing an analysis

LearningCurve

Critical reading

Sample student writing

Analysis of an article (MLA): Sanchez, “Rethinking Big-Box Stores”

5 Reading and writing about multimodal texts

Writing practice

Reading visual texts actively

Analyzing an image or a multimodal text

Drafting and revising an analytical thesis (for an image or a multimodal text)

Learning from other writers

Sample student writing

Analysis of an advertisement (MLA): Yoshida, “Sometimes a Cup of Coffee Is Just a Cup of Coffee”

Web site: D'Amato, “Loose Leaf Teas”

Video essay: Williamson, “To the Children of America”

6 Reading and writing arguments

Exercises

EXERCISE 6–2 Evaluating arguments

Writing practice

Evaluating ads for logic and fairness

Identifying appeals

Evaluating an argument

Joining a conversation

Appealing to your readers

Drafting your central claim and supporting claims

Practicing counterargument

LearningCurve

Reading and writing arguments

Sample student writing

Argument paper (MLA): Jacobs, “From Lecture to Conversation: Redefining What's 'Fit to Print'”

7 Speaking confidently

Writing practice

Preparing a presentation

Focusing on your delivery

Learning from another speaker (persuasive speech)

Learning from another speaker (informative speech)

Remixing an essay for an oral presentation

8 Prefer active verbs.

Exercises

EXERCISE 8–2 Active and passive voice

EXERCISE 8–3 Identifying active and passive voice

EXERCISE 8–4 Active vs. passive voice

EXERCISE 8–5 Active vs. be verbs

EXERCISE 8–6 Active verbs

LearningCurve

Active and passive voice

9 Balance parallel ideas.

Exercises

EXERCISE 9–2 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–3 Identifying parallel structure

EXERCISE 9–4 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–5 Parallelism

EXERCISE 9–6 Correcting faulty parallelism

LearningCurve

Parallelism

10 Add needed words.

Exercises

EXERCISE 10–2 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–3 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–4 Needed words

EXERCISE 10–5 Needed words

11 Untangle mixed constructions.

Exercises

EXERCISE 11–2 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–3 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–4 Mixed constructions

EXERCISE 11–5 Mixed constructions

12 Repair misplaced and dangling modifiers.

Exercises

EXERCISE 12–2 Awkward and misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–3 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–4 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–5 Misplaced modifiers

EXERCISE 12–7 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–8 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–9 Dangling modifiers

EXERCISE 12–10 Dangling modifiers

LearningCurve

Modifiers

13 Eliminate distracting shifts.

Exercises

EXERCISE 13–2 Shifts: person and number

EXERCISE 13–4 Shifts: tense

EXERCISE 13–7 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations

EXERCISE 13–8 Shifts: mood and voice, questions and quotations

EXERCISE 13–9 All shifts

EXERCISE 13–10 Editing for shifts

EXERCISE 13–11 All shifts

LearningCurve

Shifts

14 Emphasize key ideas.

Exercises

EXERCISE 14–3 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–4 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–5 Identifying sentence emphasis

EXERCISE 14–6 Combining choppy sentences

EXERCISE 14–7 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–9 Using subordination

EXERCISE 14–11 Using coordination and subordination

EXERCISE 14–12 Using coordination and subordination

LearningCurve

Coordination and subordination

15 Provide some variety.

Exercises

EXERCISE 15–3 Sentence variety

16 Tighten wordy sentences.

Exercises

EXERCISE 16–3 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–4 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–5 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–6 Wordy sentences

EXERCISE 16–7 Wordy sentences

17 Choose appropriate language.

Exercises

EXERCISE 17–3 Jargon

EXERCISE 17–4 Jargon

EXERCISE 17–8 Sexist language

EXERCISE 17–9 Sexist language

EXERCISE 17–10 Sexist language

LearningCurve

Word choice and appropriate language

18 Find the exact words.

Exercises

EXERCISE 18–3 Misused words

EXERCISE 18–4 Misused words

EXERCISE 18–6 Standard idioms

EXERCISE 18–7 Standard idioms

EXERCISE 18–9 Clichés and figures of speech

EXERCISE 18–10 Clichés and figures of speech

LearningCurve

Word choice and appropriate language

19 Repair sentence fragments.

Exercises

EXERCISE 19–3 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–4 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–5 Sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–6 Correcting sentence fragments

EXERCISE 19–7 Correcting sentence fragments

LearningCurve

Sentence fragments

20 Revise run-on sentences.

Exercises

EXERCISE 20–4 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–5 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–6 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–7 Run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–8 Revising run-on sentences

EXERCISE 20–9 Revising run-on sentences

LearningCurve

Run-on sentences

21 Make subjects and verbs agree.

Exercises

EXERCISE 21–3 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–4 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–5 Subject-verb agreement

EXERCISE 21–6 Subject-verb agreement

LearningCurve

Subject-verb agreement

22 Make pronouns and antecedents agree.

Exercises

EXERCISE 22–3 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–4 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–5 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

EXERCISE 22–6 Pronoun-antecedent agreement

LearningCurve

Pronoun agreement and pronoun reference

23 Make pronoun references clear.

Exercises

EXERCISE 23–3 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–4 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–5 Pronoun reference

EXERCISE 23–6 Pronoun reference

Pronoun agreement and pronoun reference

24 Distinguish between pronouns such as I and me.

Exercises

EXERCISE 24–3 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

EXERCISE 24–4 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

EXERCISE 24–5 Pronoun case (such as I vs. me)

25 Distinguish between who and whom.

Exercises

EXERCISE 25–2 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)

EXERCISE 25–3 Pronoun case (who vs. whom)

EXERCISE 24/25–6 Pronoun case: review

EXERCISE 24/25–7 Pronoun case: review

26 Choose adjectives and adverbs with care.

Exercises

EXERCISE 26–3 Adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 26–4 Adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 26–5 Adjectives and adverbs

LearningCurve

Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

27 Choose appropriate verb forms, tenses, and moods in standard English.

Exercises

EXERCISE 27–2 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–3 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–4 Irregular verbs

EXERCISE 27–6 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–7 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–8 Standard English verb forms

EXERCISE 27–10 Verb tense and mood

EXERCISE 27–11 Verb tense and mood

EXERCISE 27–12 Verb tense and mood

LearningCurve

Verbs

28 Verbs (for multilingual writers)

Exercises

EXERCISE 28–2 Verb forms and tenses

EXERCISE 28–3 Verb forms and tenses

EXERCISE 28–5 Verb forms with modals

EXERCISE 28–6 Verb forms with modals

EXERCISE 28–8 Verbs in negative and conditional sentences

EXERCISE 28–9 Verbs in conditional sentences

EXERCISE 28–11 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives

EXERCISE 28–12 Verbs followed by gerunds or infinitives

EXERCISE 28–13 Using verbs (verb review)

LearningCurve

Verbs for multilingual writers

29 Articles (for multilingual writers)

Exercises

EXERCISE 29–3 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–4 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–5 Using articles

EXERCISE 29–6 Using articles

LearningCurve

Articles and nouns for multilingual writers

30 Sentence structure (for multilingual writers)

Exercises

EXERCISE 30–2 Omissions and repetitions

EXERCISE 30–3 Omissions and repetitions

EXERCISE 30–5 Sentence structure

EXERCISE 30–6 Sentence structure

EXERCISE 30–8 Present vs. past participles

EXERCISE 30–9 Present vs. past participles

EXERCISE 30–11 Using cumulative adjectives

EXERCISE 30–12 Using cumulative adjectives

LearningCurve

Sentence structure for multilingual writers

31 Prepositions and idiomatic expressions (for multilingual writers)

Exercises

EXERCISE 31–2 Prepositions showing time and place

EXERCISE 31–3 Prepositions showing time and place

LearningCurve

Prepositions for multilingual writers

32 The comma

Exercises

EXERCISE 32–3 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements

EXERCISE 32–4 Commas with independent clauses and introductory elements

EXERCISE 32–7 Commas with series and with adjectives

EXERCISE 32–8 Commas with series and with adjectives

EXERCISE 32–10 Commas with nonrestrictive elements

EXERCISE 32–13 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–14 Major uses of the comma

EXERCISE 32–15 Major uses of the comma

LearningCurve

Commas

33 Unnecessary commas

Exercises

EXERCISE 33–3 Unnecessary commas

EXERCISE 33–4 Misuses of the comma

EXERCISE 33–5 Misuses of the comma

LearningCurve

Commas

34 The semicolon

Exercises

EXERCISE 34–3 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–4 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–5 The semicolon and the comma

EXERCISE 34–6 The semicolon and the comma

LearningCurve

Semicolons and colons

35 The colon

Exercises

EXERCISE 35–2 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma

EXERCISE 35–3 The colon, the semicolon, and the comma

LearningCurve

Semicolons and colons

36 The apostrophe

Exercises

EXERCISE 36–3 The apostrophe

EXERCISE 36–4 The apostrophe

EXERCISE 36–5 The apostrophe

LearningCurve

Apostrophes

37 Quotation marks

Exercises

EXERCISE 37–3 Quotation marks

EXERCISE 37–4 Quotation marks

EXERCISE 37–5 Quotation marks

LearningCurve

Quotation marks and italics

38 End punctuation

Exercises

EXERCISE 38–2 End punctuation

39 Other punctuation

Exercises

EXERCISE 39–2 Other punctuation marks

EXERCISE 39–3 Other punctuation marks

40 Abbreviations

Exercises

EXERCISE 40–2 Abbreviations

EXERCISE 40–3 Abbreviations

41 Numbers

Exercises

EXERCISE 41–2 Numbers

EXERCISE 41–3 Numbers

42 Italics

Exercises

EXERCISE 42–2 Italics

EXERCISE 42–3 Italics

LearningCurve

Quotation marks and Italics

43 Spelling

Exercises

EXERCISE 43–2 Spelling

44 The hyphen

Exercises

EXERCISE 44–2 The hyphen

EXERCISE 44–3 The hyphen

45 Capitalization

Exercises

EXERCISE 45–2 Capitalization

EXERCISE 45–3 Capitalization

LearningCurve

Capitalization

46 Parts of speech

Exercises

EXERCISE 46–2 Identifying nouns

EXERCISE 46–3 Parts of speech: nouns

EXERCISE 46–4 Parts of speech: nouns

EXERCISE 46–6 Identifying pronouns

EXERCISE 46–7 Parts of speech: pronouns

EXERCISE 46–8 Parts of speech: pronouns

EXERCISE 46–10 Identifying verbs

EXERCISE 46–11 Parts of speech: verbs

EXERCISE 46–12 Parts of speech: verbs

EXERCISE 46–14 Identifying adjectives and adverbs

EXERCISE 46–15 Parts of speech: adjectives

EXERCISE 46–16 Parts of speech: adjectives

EXERCISE 46–17 Parts of speech: adverbs

EXERCISE 46–18 Parts of speech: adverbs

EXERCISE 46–19 All parts of speech

EXERCISE 46–20 All parts of speech

LearningCurve

Nouns and pronouns

Prepositions and conjunctions

Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

47 Sentence patterns

Exercises

EXERCISE 47–2 Identifying complete subjects

EXERCISE 47–3 Subjects

EXERCISE 47–4 Subjects

EXERCISE 47–7 Subject complements and direct objects

EXERCISE 47–8 Subject complements and direct objects

EXERCISE 47–9 Indirect objects and object complements

EXERCISE 47–10 Indirect objects and object complements

EXERCISE 47–11 All objects and complements

EXERCISE 47–12 Linking, transitive, and intransitive verbs

48 Subordinate word groups

Exercises

EXERCISE 48–2 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–3 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–4 Prepositional phrases

EXERCISE 48–5 Objects of prepositions

EXERCISE 48–7 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–8 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–9 Verbal phrases

EXERCISE 48–11 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–12 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–13 Subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–14 Subjects of subordinate clauses

EXERCISE 48–15 Phrases and clauses

LearningCurve

Coordination and subordination

49 Sentence types

Exercises

EXERCISE 49–2 Sentence types

EXERCISE 49–3 Sentence types

50 Thinking like a researcher; gathering sources

Writing practice

Mapping out a search strategy

Finding research help

Locating sources using online tools and databases

Exercises

EXERCISE 50–1 Research questions

51 Managing information; taking notes responsibly

Finding research help

Choosing a documentation style

52 Evaluating sources

Writing practice

Planning with sources

Finding research help

Evaluating sources you find on the Web

53 Supporting a thesis (MLA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 53–1 Thesis statements in MLA papers

EXERCISE 53–2 Thesis statements in MLA papers

Writing practice

Writing a working thesis for a research paper

54 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism (MLA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 54–1 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–2 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–3 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–4 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–5 Avoiding plagiarism in MLA papers

EXERCISE 54–6 Recognizing common knowledge in MLA papers

LearningCurve

Working with sources (MLA)

55 Integrating sources (MLA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 55–1 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–2 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–3 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–4 Integrating sources in MLA papers

EXERCISE 55–5 Integrating sources in MLA papers

56 MLA documentation style

Exercises

EXERCISE 56–1 MLA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 56–2 MLA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 56–3 MLA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 56–4 MLA documentation: identifying elements of sources

EXERCISE 56–5 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–6 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–7 MLA documentation: works cited

EXERCISE 56–8 MLA documentation

57 MLA manuscript format; sample research paper

Sample student writing

Research paper (MLA): Harba, “What’s for Dinner? Personal Choices vs. Public Health”

58 Supporting a thesis (APA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 58–1 Thesis statements in APA papers

EXERCISE 58–2 Thesis statements in APA papers

59 Citing sources; avoiding plagiarism (APA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 59–1 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–2 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–3 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–4 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–5 Recognizing common knowledge in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–6 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

EXERCISE 59–7 Avoiding plagiarism in APA papers

LearningCurve

Working with sources (APA)

60 Integrating sources (APA)

Exercises

EXERCISE 60–1 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–2 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–3 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–4 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–5 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–6 Integrating sources in APA papers

EXERCISE 60–7 Integrating sources in APA papers

61 Documenting sources in APA style

Exercises

EXERCISE 61–1 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–2 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–3 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–4 APA documentation: identifying elements of sources

EXERCISE 61–5 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–6 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–7 APA documentation: reference list

EXERCISE 61–8 APA documentation

EXERCISE 61–9 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–10 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–11 APA documentation: in–text citations

EXERCISE 61–12 APA documentation: reference list

62 APA manuscript format; sample paper

Sample student writing

Review of the literature (APA; psychology): Mirano, “Can Medication Cure Obesity in Children? A Review of the Literature”

Document design gallery

MLA essay format

MLA works cited page

APA title page

APA abstract

APA essay format

APA list of references

Business report with a visual

Business letter in full block style

Résumé

Professional memo

E-mail message

Videos

Nancy Sommers on Argument

Nancy Sommers on the Composing Process

Nancy Sommers on Reading and Responding

Nancy Sommers on Revision

Nancy Sommers on Teacher Comments