Chapter 1 Introduction
Critical Thinking
Critical Reading
2PR Preview the Reading
2PR Read the Piece: Find the Main Point and the Support
2PR Pause to Think
2PR Review and Respond
A Critical Reader at Work
Writing Critically about Readings
Summary
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Assessment Activities for Chapter 1
Practice 1: Thinking Critically
Practice 2: Finding the Main Point and Support
Practice 3: Making Connections
Practice 4: Making Connections
Chapter 2 Introduction
Note: Avoiding Plagiarism
Paragraph and Essay Form
The Writing Process
Audience and Purpose
Finding, Narrowing, and Exploring Your Topic
Narrowing a Topic
Exploring Your Topic
Freewriting
Listing/Brainstorming
Discussing
Clustering / Mapping
Using the Internet
Keeping a Journal
Writing Assignment and Checklist: Evaluating Your Narrowed Topic
Assessment Activities for Chapter 2
Practice 1: Writing for a Formal Audience
Practice 2: Narrowing a General Topic
Practice 3: Exploring Your Narrowed Topic
Chapter 3 Introduction
Topic Sentences and Thesis Statements
Fitting the Size of the Assignment
Focusing on a Single Main Point
Being Specific
Using an Idea You Can Show, Explain, or Prove
Being Forceful
Writing Assignment and Checklist: Evaluating Your Main Point
Support for Your Main Point
Key Features of Good Support
Support in Paragraphs versus Essays
Generating Support
Selecting the Best Primary Support
Adding Secondary Support
Writing Assignment and Checklist: Evaluating Your Support
Arrange Your Ideas
Use Time Order to Write about Events
Use Space Order to Describe Objects, Places, or People
Use Order of Importance to Emphasize a Particular Point
Planning Your Draft
Writing Assignment and Checklist: Evaluating Your Outline
Assessment Activities for Chapter 3
Practice 1: Writing Sentences to Fit the Assignment
Practice 2: Writing Topic Sentences That Are Neither Too Broad Nor Too Narrow
Practice 3: Writing Sentences with a Single Main Point
Practice 4: Writing Sentences That Are Specific
Practice 5: Writing Sentences with Ideas You Can Show, Explain, or Prove
Practice 6: Writing Forceful Sentences
Practice 7: Generating Supporting Ideas
Practice 8: Selecting the Best Support
Practice 9: Adding Secondary Support
Practice 10: Making an Outline
Chapter 4 Introduction
Drafting Paragraphs
Sample Student Paragraph
Writing Assignment: Paragraph and Checklist: Evaluating Your Draft Paragraph
Drafting Essays
Write Topic Sentences, and Draft the Body of the Essay
Write an Introduction
Write a Conclusion
Title Your Essay
Sample Student Essay
Writing Assignment: Paragraph and Checklist: Evaluating Your Draft Essay
Revising Paragraphs and Essays
Checklist: Revising Your Writing
Revise for Unity
Revise for Detail and Support
Revise for Coherence
Sample Student Paragraph: Revised
Writing Assignment: Paragraph and Checklist: Evaluating Your Revised Paragraph
Sample Student Essay: Revised
Writing Assignment: Paragraph and Checklist: Evaluating Your Revised Essay
Peer Reviewing
Checklist: Questions for Peer Reviewers
Understand What Narration Is
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Narration
Main Point in Narration
Support in Narration
Organization in Narration
Narration in the Real World: Kelly Layland, “Patient Report”
Student Narration Paragraph: Jelani Lynch, “My Turnaround”
Professional Narration Paragraph: Amy Tan, “Fish Cheeks”
Write Your Own Narration
Checklist: How to Write Narration
Understand What Illustration Is
Main Point in Illustration
Support in Illustration
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Illustration
Organization in Illustration
Illustration in the Real World: Karen Upright, “Memo”
Student Illustration Paragraph: Casandra Palmer, “Gifts from the Heart”
Professional Illustration Essay: Susan Adams, “The Weirdest Job Interview Questions and How to Handle Them”
Write Your Own Illustration
Checklist: How to Write Illustration
Understand What Description Is
Main Point in Description
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Description
Support in Description
Organization in Description
Description in the Real World: Celia Hyde, “Report, Breaking and Entering Scene Response to Burglar Alarm, 17:00 Hours”
Student Description Paragraph: Alessandra Cepeda, “Bird Rescue”
Professional Description Essay: Oscar Hijuelos, “Memories of New York City Snow”
Write Your Own Description
Checklist: How to Write Description
Understand What Process Analysis Is
Main Point in Process Analysis
Support in Process Analysis
Organization in Process Analysis
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Process Analysis
Process Analysis in the Real World: Jeremy Graham, “Becoming a Community Leader”
Student Process Analysis Paragraph: Charlton Brown, “Buying a Car at Auction”
Professional Process Analysis Essay: Ian Frazier, “How to Operate the Shower Curtain”
Write Your Own Process Analysis
Checklist: How to Write Process Analysis
Understand What Classification Is
Main Point in Classification
Support in Classification
Organization in Classification
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Classification
Classification in the Real World: Leigh King, “Prom Fashions”
Student Classification Paragraph: Lorenza Mattazi, “All My Music”
Professional Classification Essay: Frances Cole Jones, “Don't Work in a Goat's Stomach”
Write Your Own Classification
Checklist: How to Write Classification
Understand What Definition Is
Main Point in Definition
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Definition
Support in Definition
Organization in Definition
Definition in the Real World: Walter Scanlon, “Employee Assistance Program”
Student Definition Paragraph: Corin Costas, “What Community Involvement Means to Me”
Professional Definition Essay: Janice E. Castro with Dan Cook and Cristina Garcia, “Spanglish”
Write Your Own Definition
Checklist: How to Write Definition
Understand What Comparison and Contrast Are
Main Point in Comparison and Contrast
Support in Comparison and Contrast
Organization in Comparison and Contrast
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and Contrast in the Real World: Brad Leibov, “Who We Are”
Student Comparison/Contrast Paragraph: Said Ibrahim, “Eyeglasses vs. Laser Surgery: Benefits and Drawbacks”
Professional Comparison/Contrast Essay: Mark Twain, “Two Ways of Seeing a River”
Write Your Own Comparison and Contrast
Checklist: How to Write Comparison and Contrast
Understand What Cause and Effect Are
Main Point in Cause and Effect
Support in Cause and Effect
Organization in Cause and Effect
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Cause and Effect
Cause and Effect in the Real World: Mary LaCue Booker, “School Rules”
Student Cause and Effect Paragraph: Caitlin Prokop, “A Difficult Decision with a Positive Outcome”
Professional Cause/Effect Essay: Kristen Ziman, “Bad Attitudes and Glowworms”
Write Your Own Cause and Effect
Checklist: How to Write Your Own Cause and Effect
Understand What Argument Is
Main Point in Argument
Support in Argument
Organization in Argument
Paragraphs vs. Essays in Argument
Argument in the Real World: Diane Melancon, “The Importance of Advance Directives”
Student Argument Essays
Write Your Own Argument
Checklist: How to Write Argument
Chapter 14 Introduction
The Parts of Speech
The Basic Sentence
Subjects
Verbs
Complete Thoughts
Six Basic English Sentence Patterns
Other Resources
Identifying Prepositional Phrases
Identifying the Verb
Identifying Complete Thoughts
Parts of Speech
Chapter 15 Introduction
Fragments
1. Fragments That Start with Prepositions
2. Fragments That Start with Dependent Words
3. Fragments That Start with -ing Verb Forms
4. Fragments That Start with to and a Verb
5. Fragments That Are Examples or Explanations
Run-Ons
1. Correct Run-On by Adding a Period or a Semicolon
2. Correct Run-On by Adding a Comma and a Coordinating Conjunction
3. Correct Run-On by Adding a Dependent Word
Problems with Subject-Verb Agreement
1. The Verb Is a Form of Be, Have, or Do
2. Words Come between the Subject and the Verb
3. The Sentence Has a Compound Subject
4. The Subject Is an Indefinite Pronoun
5. The Verb Comes before the Subject
Problems with Verb Tense
Regular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Past Participles
Finding and Fixing Verb Tense Errors
Other Resources
Correcting Fragments That Start with -ing Verb Forms
Correcting Fragments That Start with to and a Verb
Correcting Fragments That Are Examples or Explanations
Finding and Fixing Fragments
Correcting Run-Ons by Adding a Period or a Semicolon
Editing Paragraphs for Run-Ons
Finding and Fixing Run-Ons
Using the Correct Form of Be, Have, or Do
Making Subjects and Verbs Agree When They Are Separated by a Prepositional Phrase
Choosing the Correct Verb in a Sentence with a Compound Subject
Choosing the Correct Verb When the Subject Is an Indefinite Pronoun
Finding and Fixing Problems with Subject-Verb Agreement
Using Present-Tense Regular Verbs Correctly
Using the Past Tense of Regular Verbs Correctly
Using the Past Participle of Regular Verbs Correctly
Using Be and Have in the Present Tense
Using Be in the Past Tense
Using the Past Participle of Irregular Verbs
Using the Present Perfect Tense
Using the Past Perfect Tense
Finding and Fixing Problems with Verb Tense
Chapter 16 Introduction
Pronouns
Check for Pronoun Agreement
Make Pronoun Reference Clear
Use the Right Type of Pronoun
Make Pronouns Consistent in Person
Adjectives and Adverbs
Choosing between Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs in Comparisons
Good, Well, Bad, and Badly
Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers
Dangling Modifiers
Coordination and Subordination
Parallelism
Sentence Variety
Word-Choice Problems
Other Resources
Identifying Pronouns
Using Indefinite Pronouns
Using Collective Nouns and Pronouns
Choosing Between Who and Whom
Finding and Fixing Errors in Pronouns
Choosing Between Adjectives and Adverbs
Using Adjectives and Adverbs in Comparison
Using Good and Well
Using Comparative and Superlative Forms of Good and Bad
Finding and Fixing Errors in Adjectives and Adverbs
Correcting Misplaced Modifiers
Finding and Fixing Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
Finding and Fixing Coordination and Subordination
Using Parallelism in Pairs and Lists
Finding and Fixing Errors in Parallelism
Finding and Fixing Errors in Sentence Variety
Word Choice
Commas
Apostrophes
Quotation Marks
Semicolon
Colon
Parentheses
Dash
Hyphen
Capitalization
Other Resources
Using Commas to Set Off Appositives and Interrupters
Using Commas to Set Off Adjective Clauses
Finding and Fixing Errors in Comma Usage
Apostrophes
Using Quotation Marks for Titles
Quotation Marks
Other Punctuation
Capitalization
Instructor Welcome Page
Student Welcome Page