Maasailand Preservation Trust, 173
Maathai, Wangari, 19
Maggard, Randal, 350
magma, A–13
mainstream economics, 105–108
closed-loop system model of, 108f
linear (one-way) system model of, 108f
problems with, 107–109
malaria, 84, 88f
DDT and, 94
death rates, 97t
Malaysia, 230f
malnutrition, 300–302, 302f
Malthus, Thomas, 67
mangrove forests, 188
edges of, 186f
mantle, Earth’s, A–12
manufacturing
cradle-to-cradle management, 110f
pollution, 108
transparency in, 114
waste from, 108
maple syrup, 420
Marcellus Shale, 371–372
March 2011 tsunami, 430, 444
market-based approaches, 479
Marshall, Kristen, 170
Martineau, Craig, 114f
mass, measurements and units of measure, A–3
Massa, Greg, 318, 324f
Massa farm, 326–327, 332, 334
mass extinctions, 211f
K-T boundary, 210
mass transit, 397f
math skills
averages, A–2
measurements and units of measure, A–3
percentages/frequencies, A–2
scientific notation, A–2
matter
cycling, 143
in ecosystems, 121
food web and movement of, 181–183
law of conservation of, 121
PM, 386, 387, 401
sustainable usage of, 11–12
waste and, 122
maximize value, 105
Mayer, Fred, 374f
McDonough, Bill, 102
McGovern, Thomas, 4, 8, 13
MCHM. See methylcyclohexane methanol
McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 22f, 24f, 25f
mean, A–10, A–11
measurements, A–3
of CO2, 415
of temperature, 415
Mediterranean scrub, 145f
megacities, 492
growth of, 494–495
megawatt hour (MWh), 435
Meindl, Christopher, 180
Menzies, Scott, 33
Merchants of Doubt (Conway, Oreskes), 422
mercury, 390t
coal emissions and, 350–351
emissions, 350
e-waste and, 129
in fish, 48–49, 48f, 49f
residues, 61
metamorphic rocks, A–13
methane, 130
fracking and, 372, 374f, 379
greenhouse effect and, 410
Kyoto Protocol and regulation of, 483
methylcyclohexane methanol (MCHM), 350
metric measurements, A–3
microfertilization, 310–311
migration of tree species, 417–419, 425, 427
Mikhail, Nabil Aziz, 90–91
Milankovitch cycles, 414
Miller, Jim, 221
Milliken, Tom, 240
mineral deposits, A–12
mine tailings, 441
minimum viable population, 161
mining. See also coal mining
fossil fuel, 48f
surface, 346, 348–350
waste, 122
Mississippi River, 197f, 278f
nutrient runoff in, 288
watershed, 284
mitigation, 421–423
Molina, Mario, 28
monoculture, 319
crop choice in, 320
pesticide use and, 321
Montreal Protocol, 36–37, 476
effects of, 37f
Moore, Charles, 123
Mora, Camillo, 221
more developed countries
human health and, 90–91
infectious disease in, 95
less developed countries compared with, 91
population in, 68–69, 69f
solid waste disposal, 127
Moses, Robert, 499
mosquitos, 95
mountaintop removal, 338f, 340, 341f, 346f
environmental impact of, 340f, 341
environmental impact statement on, 349
flooding and, 349
health impacts of, 349
MSW. See municipal solid waste
mud cores, 8
Muir, John, 18
municipal solid waste (MSW), 122
disposal of, 125f
U.S., 123f
mutualism, 190, 190f
MWh. See megawatt hour
Myers, Sam, 83