M

Maasailand Preservation Trust, 173

Maathai, Wangari, 19

Maggard, Randal, 350

magma, A–13

mainstream economics, 105–108

closed-loop system model of, 108f

linear (one-way) system model of, 108f

problems with, 107–109

malaria, 84, 88f

DDT and, 94

death rates, 97t

Malaysia, 230f

malnutrition, 300–302, 302f

Malthus, Thomas, 67

mangrove forests, 188

edges of, 186f

mantle, Earth’s, A–12

manufacturing

cradle-to-cradle management, 110f

pollution, 108

transparency in, 114

waste from, 108

maple syrup, 420

Marcellus Shale, 371–372

March 2011 tsunami, 430, 444

market-based approaches, 479

Marshall, Kristen, 170

Martineau, Craig, 114f

mass, measurements and units of measure, A–3

Massa, Greg, 318, 324f

Massa farm, 326–327, 332, 334

mass extinctions, 211f

K-T boundary, 210

mass transit, 397f

math skills

averages, A–2

measurements and units of measure, A–3

percentages/frequencies, A–2

scientific notation, A–2

matter

cycling, 143

in ecosystems, 121

food web and movement of, 181–183

law of conservation of, 121

PM, 386, 387, 401

sustainable usage of, 11–12

waste and, 122

maximize value, 105

Mayer, Fred, 374f

McDonough, Bill, 102

McGovern, Thomas, 4, 8, 13

MCHM. See methylcyclohexane methanol

McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 22f, 24f, 25f

mean, A–10, A–11

measurements, A–3

of CO2, 415

of temperature, 415

Mediterranean scrub, 145f

megacities, 492

growth of, 494–495

megawatt hour (MWh), 435

Meindl, Christopher, 180

Menzies, Scott, 33

Merchants of Doubt (Conway, Oreskes), 422

mercury, 390t

coal emissions and, 350–351

emissions, 350

e-waste and, 129

in fish, 48–49, 48f, 49f

residues, 61

metamorphic rocks, A–13

methane, 130

fracking and, 372, 374f, 379

greenhouse effect and, 410

Kyoto Protocol and regulation of, 483

methylcyclohexane methanol (MCHM), 350

metric measurements, A–3

microfertilization, 310–311

migration of tree species, 417–419, 425, 427

Mikhail, Nabil Aziz, 90–91

Milankovitch cycles, 414

Miller, Jim, 221

Milliken, Tom, 240

mineral deposits, A–12

mine tailings, 441

minimum viable population, 161

mining. See also coal mining

fossil fuel, 48f

surface, 346, 348–350

waste, 122

Mississippi River, 197f, 278f

nutrient runoff in, 288

watershed, 284

mitigation, 421–423

Molina, Mario, 28

monoculture, 319

crop choice in, 320

pesticide use and, 321

Montreal Protocol, 36–37, 476

effects of, 37f

Moore, Charles, 123

Mora, Camillo, 221

more developed countries

human health and, 90–91

infectious disease in, 95

less developed countries compared with, 91

population in, 68–69, 69f

solid waste disposal, 127

Moses, Robert, 499

mosquitos, 95

mountaintop removal, 338f, 340, 341f, 346f

environmental impact of, 340f, 341

environmental impact statement on, 349

flooding and, 349

health impacts of, 349

MSW. See municipal solid waste

mud cores, 8

Muir, John, 18

municipal solid waste (MSW), 122

disposal of, 125f

U.S., 123f

mutualism, 190, 190f

MWh. See megawatt hour

Myers, Sam, 83