24.23 Smoking by students and their families. In Exercise 24.11, you saw that there is an association between smoking by close family members and smoking by high school students. The students are more likely to smoke if a close family member smokes. We want to know whether this association is statistically significant.

  1. (a) State the hypotheses for the chi-square test. What do you think the population is?

  2. (b) Find the expected cell counts. Write a sentence that explains in simple language what “expected counts’’ are.

  3. (c) Find the chi-square statistic and its degrees of freedom. What is your conclusion about significance?