Page 66 For more detail on the limits of memory in surveys, see N. M. Bradburn, L. J. Rips, and S. K. Shevell, “Answering autobiographical questions: the impact of memory and inference on surveys,” Science, 236 (1987), pp. 157–161.

Page 67 Example 3: For more on the effect of race, see Gregory Flemming and Kimberly Parker, “Race and reluctant respondents: possible consequences of non-response for pre-election surveys,” Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 1997, available online at www.people-press.org. For concerns about the Bradley effect in the 2008 presidential election, go to www.politico.com/news/stories/0508/10397.html and www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/weekinreview/12zernike.html.

Page 67 For more detail on nonsampling errors, along with references, see P. E. Converse and M. W. Traugott, “Assessing the accuracy of polls and surveys,” Science, 234 (1986), pp. 1094–1098.

Page 69 Example 4: For information about the response rates for the American Community Survey of households (there is a separate sample of group quarters), go to www.census.gov/acs/www/methodology/response_rates_data/. See also Maeve Duggan and Aaron Smith’s “Social media update 2013” (2013). The Pew press release and the full report can be found at http://pewinternet.org/files/2013/12/PIP_Social-Networking-2013.pdf.

Page 70 Example 5: This example comes from a report “Polling when public attention is limited: different questions, different results,” at www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/05/22/polling-when-public-attention-is-limited-different-questions-different-results/.

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Page 71 Example 6: The questions are from a Gallup Poll, April 9–12, 2015, available online at www.gallup.com/poll/1714/taxes.aspx.

Page 72 The quotation on weighting is from Adam Clymer and Janet Elder, “Poll finds greater confidence in Democrats,” New York Times, November 10, 1999.

Page 73 Example 7: The most recent account of the design of the CPS is the BLS Handbook of Methods, available online at www.bls.gov/cps/cps_over.htm#methodology. The account in Example 7 omits many complications, such as the need to separately sample “group quarters” like college dormitories.

Page 76 A detailed description of the methods Gallup uses in its World Poll can be found online at www.gallup.com/consulting/worldpoll/108079/Methodological-Design.aspx. A detailed description of the methods Gallup uses in its Well-Being Index can be found online at www.well-beingindex.com/methodology.asp. See www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/wireless201407.pdf for information on cell-only households.

Page 76 For more information on web surveys, see the special issue by Public Opinion Quarterly at http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/72/5.toc.

Page 77 Example 10: Rachel Sherman and John Hickner, “Academic physicians use placebos in clinical practice and believe in the mind-body connection,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, 23 (2008), pp. 7–10.

Page 84 Exercise 4.10: The quotation is from the Gallup website, www.gallup.com/poll/Topics.aspx, is typical of Gallup polls.

Page 84 Exercise 4.11: See “Fewer young people say I do—to any relationship,” available online at www.gallup.com.

Page 84 Exercise 4.12: Details of the survey can be found online at www.collegeparents.org/files/2007-Current-Parent-Survey-Summary.pdf.

Page 85 Exercise 4.14: Giuliana Coccia, “An overview of non-response in Italian telephone surveys,” Proceedings of the 99th Session of the International Statistical Institute, 1993, Book 3, pp. 271–272.

Page 85 Exercise 4.15: The first question is from a CBS News/New York Times poll, April 30–May 3, 2015. The second question is from a USA Today/Gallup poll, March 5–8, 2015.

Page 85 Exercise 4.16: The first question is from a CBS News/New York Times poll, December 4–8, 2009. The second question is from a USA Today/Gallup poll, December 11–13, 2009.

Page 86 Exercise 4.18: The questions are from a Quinnipiac University poll, April 16–21, 2015, available online at www.pollingreport.com/civil.htm.

Page 87 Exercise 4.21: Janet Hook, “Views of economy brighten, WSJ/NBC poll finds,” Wall Street Journal, January 20, 2015, available online at www.wsj.com/articles/views-of-economy-brighten-wsj-nbc-poll-finds-1421730061.

Page 87 Exercise 4.22: Noam Scheiber and Dalia Sussman, “Inequality troubles Americans across party lines, Times/CBS poll finds,” New York Times, June 3, 2015, available online at www.nytimes.com/2015/06/04/business/inequality-a-major-issue-for-americans-times-cbs-poll-finds.html.

Page 88 Exercise 4.24: D. Goleman, “Pollsters enlist psychologists in quest for unbiased results,” New York Times, September 7, 1993.

Page 89 Exercise 4.32: From the online “Supplementary Material” for G. Gaskell et al., “Worlds apart? The reception of genetically modified foods in Europe and the U.S.,” Science, 285 (1999), pp. 384–387.

Page 91 Exercise 4.39: The first question is from an NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll conducted by the polling organizations of Peter Hart (D) and Robert Teeter (R), November 8–10, 2003. The second question is from a CNN/USA Today/Gallup poll, October 24–26, 2003. The third question is from a Los Angeles Times poll, January 30–February 2, 2003. Available online at www.pollingreport.com/abortion.htm.