Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Psychology’s Roots: The Path to a Science of Mind
1.2 The Development of Clinical Psychology
1.3 The Search for Objective Measurement: Behaviorism Takes Center Stage
1.4 Return of the Mind: Psychology Expands
1.5 Beyond the Individual: Social and Cultural Perspectives
1.6 The Profession of Psychology: Past and Present
1.7 SUMMARY
1.8 KEY TERMS
1.9 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 2 Introduction
2.1 Empiricism and the Scientific Method
2.2 Observation: Discovering What People Do
2.3 Explanation: Discovering Why People Do What They Do
2.4 The Ethics of Science: First, Do No Harm
2.5 SUMMARY
2.6 KEY TERMS
2.7 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 3 Introduction
3.1 Neurons: The Origin of Behavior
3.2 Information Processing in Neurons
3.3 The Organization of the Nervous System
3.4 Structure of the Brain
3.5 The Development and Evolution of Nervous Systems
3.6 Investigating the Brain
3.7 SUMMARY
3.8 KEY TERMS
3.9 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 4 Introduction
4.1 Sensation and Perception Are Distinct Activities
4.2 Vision I: How the Eyes and the Brain Convert Light Waves to Neural Signals
4.3 Vision II: Recognizing What We Perceive
4.4 Audition: More Than Meets the Ear
4.5 The Body Senses: More Than Skin Deep
4.6 The Chemical Senses: Adding Flavor
4.7 SUMMARY
4.8 KEY TERMS
4.9 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 5 Introduction
5.1 Conscious and Unconscious: The Mind’s Eye, Open and Closed
5.2 Sleep and Dreaming: Good Night, Mind
5.3 Drugs and Consciousness: Artificial Inspiration
5.4 Hypnosis: Open to Suggestion
5.5 SUMMARY
5.6 KEY TERMS
5.7 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 6 Introduction
6.1 Encoding: Transforming Perceptions into Memories
6.2 Storage: Maintaining Memories over Time
6.3 Retrieval: Bringing Memories to Mind
6.4 Multiple Forms of Memory: How the Past Returns
6.5 Memory Failures: The Seven Sins of Memory
6.6 SUMMARY
6.7 KEY TERMS
6.8 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 7 Introduction
7.1 Classical Conditioning: One Thing Leads to Another
7.2 Operant Conditioning: Reinforcements from the Environment
7.3 Observational Learning: Look at Me
7.4 Implicit Learning: Under the Wires
7.5 Learning in the Classroom
7.6 SUMMARY
7.7 KEY TERMS
7.8 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 8 Introduction
8.1 Emotional Experience: The Feeling Machine
8.2 Emotional Communication: Msgs w/o Wrds
8.3 Motivation: The Wanting Machine
8.4 SUMMARY
8.5 KEY TERMS
8.6 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 9 Introduction
9.1 Language and Communication: From Rules to Meaning
9.2 Concepts and Categories: How We Think
9.3 Decision Making: Rational and Otherwise
9.4 Intelligence
9.5 Where Does Intelligence Come From?
9.6 Who Is Most Intelligent?
9.7 SUMMARY
9.8 KEY TERMS
9.9 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 10 Introduction
10.1 Prenatality: A Womb with a View
10.2 Infancy and Childhood: Becoming a Person
10.3 Adolescence: Minding the Gap
10.4 Adulthood: Change We Can’t Believe In
10.5 SUMMARY
10.6 KEY TERMS
10.7 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 11 Introduction
11.1 Personality: What It Is and How It Is Measured
11.2 The Trait Approach: Identifying Patterns of Behavior
11.3 The Psychodynamic Approach: Forces That Lie beneath Awareness
11.4 The Humanistic–Existential Approach: Personality as Choice
11.5 The Social-Cognitive Approach: Personalities in Situations
11.6 The Self: Personality in the Mirror
11.7 SUMMARY
11.8 KEY TERMS
11.9 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 12 Introduction
12.1 Social Behavior: Interacting with People
12.2 Social Influence: Controlling People
12.3 Social Cognition: Understanding People
12.4 SUMMARY
12.5 KEY TERMS
12.6 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 13 Introduction
13.1 Sources of Stress: What Gets to You
13.2 Stress Reactions: All Shook Up
13.3 Stress Management: Dealing with It
13.4 The Psychology of Illness: Mind over Matter
13.5 The Psychology of Health: Feeling Good
13.6 SUMMARY
13.7 KEY TERMS
13.8 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 14 Introduction
14.1 Defining Mental Disorders: What Is Abnormal?
14.2 Anxiety Disorders: When Fear Takes Over
14.3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Trapped in a Loop
14.4 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Troubles after a Trauma
14.5 Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: At the Mercy of Emotions
14.6 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders: Losing the Grasp on Reality
14.7 Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Starting Young
14.8 Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders: Acting Out
14.9 Personality Disorders: Going to Extremes
14.10 Self-Harm Behaviors: When the Mind Turns against Itself
14.11 SUMMARY
14.12 KEY TERMS
14.13 CHANGING MINDS
Chapter 15 Introduction
15.1 Treatment: Getting Help to Those Who Need It
15.2 Psychological Treatments: Healing the Mind through Interaction
15.3 Medical and Biological Treatments: Healing the Mind by Physically Altering the Brain
15.4 Treatment Effectiveness: For Better or for Worse
15.5 SUMMARY
15.6 KEY TERMS
15.7 CHANGING MINDS
Appendix Introduction
A.1 Graphic Representations
A.2 Descriptive Statistics
A.3 Measuring Correlation
A.4 KEY TERMS