Front Matter Introduction

Senior Vice President, Editorial and Production: Catherine Woods

Publisher: Kevin Feyen

Acquisitions Editor: Rachel Losh

Marketing Manager: Lindsay Johnson

Associate Director of Market Development: Carlise Stembridge

Developmental Editors: Burrston House, Marna Miller

Executive Media Editor: Rachel Comerford

Director of Development, Print and Digital: Tracey Kuehn

Editorial Assistant: Katie Garrett

Photo Editor: Cecilia Varas

Photo Researcher: Jacqui Wong, Deborah Anderson

Art director, Cover Designer and Interior Designer: Barbara Reingold

Infographic Designer: DeMarinis Design LLC

Layout Designer and Infographic Illustrator: Clea Chmela

Chapter Opener Designer: Charles Yuen

Associate Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne

Project Editor: Robert Errera

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Illustrations: Todd Buck, Northeastern Graphic

Production Manager: Sarah Segal

Composition: Northeastern Graphic

Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013957268

Hardcover:

ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-6465-5

ISBN-10: 1-4292-6465-9

Paperback:

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-5666-3

ISBN-10: 1-4641-5666-2

Loose-leaf:

ISBN-13: 978-1-46410878-5

ISBN-10: 1-4641-0878-1

© 2014 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

Fourth printing

Worth Publishers

41 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10010

www.worthpublishers.com

Chapter opening photo credits:

Cover, Julius Achon, Courtesy Dr. Julie Gralow; CO1a, Worn pickaxe, Image Source/Getty Images; CO1b, Metallic copper nugget, Karin Rollett-Vlcek/Getty Images; CO1c, Underground safety gear, Eduard Andras/Getty Images; CO1d, Coal Miner, Joshua Ets-Hokin/Getty Images; CO2a, Dogtags, Thinkstock; CO2b, Female soldier, Thinkstock; CO2c, Human brain (left and right hemisphere), Pasieka/Science Photo Library; CO3a, Cute little ballerina, Bobbie Osborne/Getty Images; CO3b, Hands showing Chinese way of counting, ICHIRO/Getty Images; CO3c, Bath toys, Bernard Jaubert/age fotostock/SuperStock; CO4a, African-American male nurse, Curt Pickens/Getty Images; CO4b, Silhouette of people in different poses, iStock Vectors/Getty Images; CO4c, Pillow without pillowcase, © D. Hurst/Alamy; CO4d, Pillow with white pillowcase, © D. Hurst/Alamy; CO4e, Drip bag on stand, © moodboard/Alamy; CO4f, Closeup of eye mask, Exactostock/superstock; CO5a, Training shoe closeup, Zoonar/P Gudella/Agefotostock; CO5b, Woman runner, © Pixattitude/Dreamstime.com; CO5c, Sport silhouettes basketball, Thinkstock CO6a, Young woman’s work life, ZoneCreative/Getty Images; CO6b, Page torn from an old music book, Anna Yu/Getty Images; CO6c, Conductor, C Squared Studios/Getty Images; CO6d Lute © Bob Jacobson/Corbis; CO7a, Studio shot of fencer, Tetra Images/Getty Images; CO7b, Skull x-ray (side angle), Stockbyte/Getty Images; CO7c, Accident in the city, Nancy Brammer/Getty Images; CO7d Professional businesswoman using a digital tablet, londoneye/Getty Images; CO8a Pregnant woman, Kais Tolmats/Getty Images; CO8b, Dancing woman, Blend Images/SuperStock; CO8c, Blue socks, Tatyana Nikitina/Getty Images; CO8d, Infant’s filled milk bottle, Creative Crop/Getty Images; CO9a, Boy holding globe over head, Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Getty Images; CO9b, Toy shark, Image Source/Getty Images; CO9c, Reference books, notebooks, and pen, Christina Norwood/Getty Images; CO9d, Sisters playing with beach ball, RubberBall/SuperStock; CO10a, Bouquet of red roses, © Michele Constantini/PhotoAlto/Corbis; CO10b, Businesswoman sitting on sofa with smile, © Imagemore Co., Ltd./Imagemore Co., Ltd./Corbis; CO10c, X-ray, chart, and stethoscope, Fotosearch/Getty Images; CO10d, Male nurse wearing surgical gown, Exactostock/Superstock; CO11a, Black video conference camera, E+/Getty images; CO11b, Computer keyboard, Kyoungil Jeon/Getty Images; CO11c, Young Freud & his father, Imagno/Getty Images; CO11d, Keys from a keyboard, spxChrome/Getty Images; CO11e, Mask Jupiter, Images; CO12a, Young Japanese couple, elkor/Getty Images; CO12b, Female police officer, Exactostock/Superstock; CO12c, Studio portrait of firefighter, Tetra Images/SuperStock; CO12d, The rear of a parked New York City police car, © Paul Hakimata/Alamy; CO13a, A car key and remote starter, Kathleen Wauters/Getty Images; CO13b, Businessman at podium, Comstock/Getty Images; CO13c, Light switch in the on position, Samuel Kessler/Getty Images; CO13d, Silo softball player, Photodisc/Getty Images; CO14, p. 582, Young woman in business suit, Blue Jean Images/SuperStock; CO14a, Young businessman sitting on swivel chair, allindiaimages/SuperStock; CO14b, Young woman standing and smiling, Glow Asia/SuperStock; CO14c, Pipe stem, Plains People, © The Trustees of the British Museum/Art Resource, NY; CO15a, Runner (facing camera), Photodisc/Getty Images; CO15b, Four sides of cardboard box with jute and packaging tape, pixhook/Getty Images; CO15c, Father and daughter, Edward Carlile Portraits/Getty Images; CO15d, Two long-stemmed roses on a laptop computer, cpaquin/Getty Images

iPad image credit:

iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Video still images credit:

Chapter 3, Worldwide Features/Barcroft Media/Landov; Chapter 6, Jiri Rezac/Polaris/Newscom; All other chapters, WHF/Worth archive