1. With descriptive statistics, researchers use tables, graphs, and charts to:
summarize data.
make inferences about data.
make predictions.
test hypotheses.
a. summarize data.
2. A classmate is collecting data for a research project incorporating a treatment group and a control group. When the data collection is complete, she will check for _______ to see if the differences between the two groups are due to the researcher’s manipulations.
random sampling
descriptive statistics
standard deviations
statistical significance
d. statistical significance
3. In the following, identify the variable as quantitative (1) or qualitative (2):
political affiliation
hair color
yearly income
weight in pounds
a. 2; b. 2; c. 1; d. 1
4. One common way to present data is to use a _______ , which displays how often various values in a data set are present.
qualitative variable
meta-
frequency distribution
measure of variation
c. frequency distribution
5. A researcher is looking to measure cognitive ability in a large representative sample. She can expect that the distribution will be symmetric and have a bell shape. This type of distribution is also known as a:
normal curve.
stem-
qualitative variable.
parameter.
a. normal curve.
6. Numbers that represent the “middle” of data sets are known as:
standard deviations.
measures of central tendency.
measures of variability.
misleading.
b. measures of central tendency.
7. What is the mean for a sample that includes the following values: 4, 4, 6, 3, 8?
4
5
6
7
b. 5
8. What is the median for a sample that includes the following values: 4, 4, 6, 3, 8?
4
5
6
7
a. 4
9. What is the mode for a sample that includes the following values: 4, 4, 6, 3, 8?
4
5
6
7
a. 4
10. A value that is very different from the rest of the data set is called a(n) _______, and it can have a great influence on the _______.
mode; median
variable; mode
outlier; mean
outlier; median
c. outlier; mean
11. A classmate is trying to calculate a measure of variability. He takes the highest value in the data set and subtracts the lowest value from it. This is considered the _______ of the data set.
range
central tendency
median
standard deviation
a. range
12. What is the standard deviation for a sample that includes the following values: 4, 4, 6, 3, 8?
2
3
4
5
a. 2
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