Infographic 13.1: The DSM-5

There are five sections in the infographic, each of which consist of arranged text. Section one is Text under the title “The DSM-5”, which reads as follows: “Revising the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was no small task. The process took over 10 years and involved hundreds of experts poring over the most relevant and current research. The final product helps researchers conduct studies and clinicians develop treatment plans and work with other professionals.” The next section is titled “Where does the DSM-5 come from?”, and contains three subsections of text, connected by arrows. Subsection one is “Preparation” and reads as follows: Nearly 400 scientists from around the world evaluate research on psychological disorders for 10 years prior to publication of the DSM–5.” Subsection two is “Drafting”, and reads as follows: “160 scientists participating in the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM–5 Task Force and Work Groups review the research regarding disorders. Working with other researchers and clinicians, they gather as much information as possible about the current understanding of disorders. Then they compose and revise diagnostic criteria.” Subsection three is “Approval” and reads as follows: “Following approval of the diagnostic criteria by the APA Board of Trustees, the prepublication DSM–5 goes through two more rounds of review. The Scientific Review Committee examines the evidence informing the proposed changes to the DSM, and the Clinical and Public Health committee provides feedback on the criteria from a clinical and public health standpoint.” The next section is titled “How are disorders of childhood in the DSM-5?” Text under the title reads “The DSM–5 does not include a separate chapter dedicated to disorders diagnosed in childhood, but diagnoses within chapters are presented in chronological order. The DSM–5 also includes age-related factors in its descriptions and criteria. Here are two disorders commonly diagnosed in childhood:” Underneath this text is a text box with the two disorders, which reads as follows: “Autism Spectrum Disorder This spectrum of disorders recognizes a continuum of symptoms associated with social communication and interaction, repetitive behaviors or speech, and intellectual ability. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This disorder begins in childhood, and must be recognized in more than one situation (for example, school and home). A child may have difficulty paying attention, and may easily get off task, fidget, or act impulsively. The manual also recognizes that this disorder does not necessarily end in childhood, and may continue into adulthood. The fourth section reads “Who uses the DSM-5 and how is it used?” Text under the title reads “Trained mental health professionals use the DSM–5 to diagnose psychological disorders. The manual is designed to summarize the signs and symptoms of disorders for the clinician to use as an evaluative tool. The presence of specified signs and symptoms may indicate an underlying psychological disorder, and the DSM–5 criteria can help guide clinicians to accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment.” The fifth section is titled “Some disorders included in the DSM-5” There is text under this title, and then a list of six chapters. Text under the title reads “Each chapter of the DSM–5 describes disorders that share common features and/or symptoms. Here we list six chapters, along with a sample disorder that you can read more about in your textbook.” The chapter list is as follows. 1. “Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. Dysfunction resulting from delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms.” Attached text reads “Read about: Schizophrenia, page 560”. 2. “Bipolar and Related Disorders. Manic and depressive behavior characterized by changes in mood and activity levels.” Attached text reads “Read About: Bipolar I disorder, page 558”. 3. “Depressive Disorders. Dysfunction relating to profound sadness, feelings of emptiness, and irritable mood.” Attached text reads “Read About: Major Depressive disorder, page 553.” 4. “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Dysfunction relating to obsessions and/or compulsions that cause distress and disrupt day-to-day functioning.” Attached text reads “Red about: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, page 550”. 5. “Trauma- and Stressor-related Disorders. Distress resulting from exposure to traumatic or stressful incidents.” Attached text reads: “Read About: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, page 503.” 6. “Dissociative Disorders. Problems with memory, identity, consciousness, perception, and motor control that disrupt psychological functioning.” Attached text reads: “Read About: Dissociative Amnesia, page 568.”