FIGURE 8.8 Relation in three countries between fathers’ occupational status and children’s math achievement U.S. children whose fathers hold low-status jobs perform, on average, far more poorly on math-achievement tests than do children whose fathers hold comparable jobs in Canada or Japan. In contrast, U.S. children whose fathers have high-status jobs perform, on average, as well as children whose fathers have comparable jobs in Canada and almost as well as children from similar backgrounds in Japan. (Data from Case et al., 1999)