A Well-Supported Position: Using Statistics

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 Analyze 
Use the basic features.

Statistics—numerical data about a given population sample—are often used to support position arguments because readers tend to find statistical evidence especially convincing. Numbers can seem impressive—as, for example, when Jessica Statsky refers to the research finding that about 90 percent of children would choose to play regularly on a losing team rather than sit on the bench of a winning team (par. 5). Readers are likely to accept such a high percentage at face value because they would probably share the preference for playing over watching. However, without knowing the size of the sample (90 percent of 10 people, 100 people, or 10,000 people?), it is impossible to judge the significance of the statistic. Moreover, without knowing who the researchers are and how their research was funded and conducted, it is also difficult to judge the credibility of the statistic. That’s why most critical readers want to know the source of statistics to see whether the research is peer-reviewed—that is, whether it has been evaluated by other researchers knowledgeable about the subject and able to judge the reliability of its findings.

ANALYZE & WRITE

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Write a couple of paragraphs analyzing and evaluating Etzioni’s use of statistics, and write a paragraph explaining how you could use statistics to enhance your credibility with readers:

  1. Reread paragraphs 8–14, and highlight the statistics Etzioni uses. What is each statistic being used to illustrate or prove?
  2. Identify what you would need to know about these research studies before you could accept their statistics as credible. Consider also what you would need to know about Etzioni himself before you could decide whether to rely on statistics he calls “impressive” (par. 10). How does your personal experience and observation influence your decision?
  3. Based on this analysis, explain how you think you should present statistics that you want your readers to accept as trustworthy.

    Question