eager/anxious, H-112
EBSCOHost, 202, 280, 339, 389
Edge, John T., “I’m Not Leaving Until I Eat This Thing,” 69–74
edited works
APA style documentation, 744
MLA style documentation, 717
editing and proofreading. See also revising draft under specific types of essays; for example, remembered event essays
common ground essays, 212–13
evaluations, 397–99
explanations of concepts, 167–68
position arguments, 290–92
profiles, 107–9
proposals for solutions, 345–46
remembered event essays, 49–51
speculation about cause, 451–52
stories, analysis of, 488–90
edition of book
APA style documentation, 744
MLA style documentation, 719
editorials
APA style documentation, 746
MLA style documentation, 724
as position arguments, 285
editorial slant, 694, 695–96
editor of work
APA style documentation, 741
MLA style documentation, 717
effect/affect, H-112
either-or reasoning, 621
electronic sources, documentation style for. See APA style; MLA style
ellipsis marks
MLA rules about, 490
for omitted words in quotations, 489–90, 702, H-69
e-mail, 656–57
APA style documentation, 748
document design, 656
MLA style documentation, 730
emigrant/immigrant, H-113
emotional manipulation
example, “‘Letter from Birmingham Jail,’ An Annotated Sample from” (King), 542
recognizing, 521, 541–42
emphasis
capitalization, avoiding for, H-76
dashes for, H-62
exclamation points, H-71
italics for, 701, H-79
quotation marks, unnecessary, H-65
reflexive pronouns for, H-100
sentence fragments for, H-9
encyclopedias, 669–70
general, 669
specialized, 669–70
topic selection, use for, 669–70
ending
oral presentations, 776
thesis statement in, 547
equivocating, 621
ERIC (Educational Resource Information Center), 678
errors. See also sentence errors
most common in student writing, H-2–3
Record of Errors, H-3–4
spelling, avoiding, H-81–85
ESL writers. See multilingual writers, troublespots
essay examinations, 752–65
answers, model examples, 759–63
cause, analysis of, 758
comparing and contrasting, 757
concepts, applying, 756
define or identify questions, 754
evaluations or criticisms, 758
importance or significance, explaining, 755–56
length of answers, variations in, 759–63
preparing for, 752–53
quotation, comment on, 756–57
reading question, 753–54
summary of specific source, 755
synthesizing information, 757–58
writing answer, 759
essays, titles, quotation marks for, H-65
Estrada, Richard, “Sticks and Stones and Sports Team Names,” 255–60, 285
et al., 711, 740
etc., H-113
ethos, defined, 247
Etzioni, Amitai, “Working at McDonald’s,” 249, 260–65, 285
evaluations, 350–401
design elements
for evaluation of visual medium, 396–97
visuals, incorporating, 357, 367–68, 396–97
drafting, 384–92
alternative judgments, responding to, 390
audience and purpose, assessing, 386–87
concession-refutation move, 390–91
drafting essay, 392
ideas into words, Ways In, 386–87
judgment, stating, 387–88
opening sentences, 392
organization, logical, 384
outline, 391–92
reader’s objections, anticipating, 380, 386–87, 389–90
reasons and evidence, presenting, 388–89
refutation, 390
subject, choosing, 385–86
supporting evidence, types of, 389
testing topic with others, 385–86
thesis statement, working, 387
transitions (words or phrases), 391
evaluating draft, Critical Thinking Guide, 392–94
genre
alternative forms of, 382
crowd-sourced evaluations, 382
features of, 353–57
practicing with group, 352
reflecting on, 401
Guide to Reading
audience and purpose, 353
connections, making, 365–66, 371–72, 378
“LA Noire Review” (Boxer), 356–57, 363–68
“Myth of Multitasking, The” (Rosen), 353, 355, 374–81
“Scott Pilgrim vs. the World: A Hell of a Ride” (Akana), 353–54, 356–67, 391, 396–97, 399–400
topics for essays, considering, 368, 374, 381
“What College Rankings Really Tell Us” (Gladwell), 355, 368–74
Guide to Writing, 383–84
learning, reflecting on, 400–401
research, resources, types of, 389
revising draft, 394–99
combining sentences, 398–99
comparisons, checking logic of, 397–98
troubleshooting draft, 395–96
Thinking Critically about, 400–401
Writer at Work (William Akana), 399–400
writing situation for
about service experience, 784
college courses, 350, 385
community, 351, 385
essay exams, 758
workplace, 351, 385
writing strategies
alternative judgments, responding to, 373
claims, criteria in, 372–73
compare and contrast, 355–56, 373–74
complicated subject, presenting, 372–74
concessions, making, 356
forecasting statement, 356–57
headings, 357, 367–68
judgment, well-supported, 354–56, 366–67, 372–73, 379–80, 383–84
organization, logical, 356–57, 367, 373–74, 381
quotations, paraphrasing, summarizing, 355, 379
reader concerns, anticipating, 367, 384, 399–400
reframing, 378–80
refutation, 356, 373, 380
rhetorical situation, 355, 366
sources, citing, 355–56, 379–80
subject, well-presented, 353–54, 366, 372, 378–79, 383
supporting evidence, types of, 354–55, 366–67
thesis statements, 354, 366
transitions (words or phrases), 356, 357
visual cues, 357, 367–68, 381
evidence, supporting. See supporting evidence
exact words, use in sentences, H-47–48
exaggeration, with hyperbole, 30
examples
appositives, use with, 159
believability, testing for, 540
counterexamples, 420–21
in explanations of concepts, 157
in position arguments, 258–59
in proposals for solutions, 300, 333
in speculation about cause, 408–9, 424–25, 431
supporting position with, 612
except/accept, H-112
exclamation points
with quotation marks, 107, 703, H-64
use of, H-71
exclamations, H-98
expert information. See authority or expert information
explanations, dashes for emphasis, H-62
explanations of concepts, 116–71
design elements
flowcharts, 133
MLA style, 167
visuals, using, 149, 158–59, 167
drafting, 152–63
appositives, use of, 159
concept for essay, identifying, 152–54
drafting essay, 161
explanatory strategies, considering, 157–58
ideas into words, Ways In, 153
information, introducing with descriptive verbs, 160
opening sentences, 161
outline, 156
purpose for writing, questions for, 154–55
sources, introducing with descriptive verbs, 160
summaries, paraphrases, quotations, 158
testing topic with others, 155
thesis statement, working, 155–56
evaluating draft, Critical Thinking Guide, 161–63
genre
alternative medium for, 149
features of, 119–22
practicing with group, 118
reflecting on, 171
Guide to Reading, 119–49
“Attachment: Someone to Watch over You” (Lyu), 119–28, 133, 139–40, 146, 169–70
audience and purpose, 119
“Can You Make Yourself Smarter?” (Hurley), 121–22, 134–38, 140–41
connections, making, 131–32, 139, 145
“Love: The Right Chemistry” (Toufexis), 120–21, 128–34, 141, 155–56
“Shyness: Evolutionary Tactic?” (Cain), 120–21, 142–48
topics for essays, considering, 134, 142, 148
Guide to Writing, 150–51
learning, reflecting on, 170–71
research
in-depth, 155
initial, types of, 153
revising draft, 161–68
adjective clauses, commas with, 168
editing and proofreading, 167–68
mixed constructions, correcting, 167–68
Troubleshooting Guide, 163–66
Thinking Critically about, 170–71
Writer at Work (Patricia Lyu), 169–70
writing situation for
about service experience, 783
college courses, 116, 152
community, 117, 152
workplace, 117, 153
writing strategies
causes and effects, 120, 141, 158
classification, 120, 140, 157
closure, creating, 146–47
cohesive devices, 140
comparing and contrasting, 120, 147, 157
definitions, 120, 140, 157
examples, 157
explanations, focused, 119–20, 132, 139, 146, 164
explanatory strategies, types of, 120–21, 133, 140–41, 157–58, 165
forecasting statement, 132–33, 156
organization, logical, 120, 132, 140, 146–47, 156, 164
process narratives, 140, 158
rhetorical questions, use of, 120
sources, integration of, 121–22, 133–34, 141, 147–48, 166, 169–70
synonyms, use of, 140
thesis statements, 120
word repetition, use of, 140
explanatory process narratives, 568–71
exposition
in dramatic arc, 12, 37
remembered event essays, 12, 37, 48
extended definitions, 588–89
eyewitness, writer as. See spectator