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-d, -ed endings, 567–68, 617
dangling modifiers, 652–53
dashes, 722–23
to link clauses, 640
parentheses versus, 721
with quotation marks, 718
data, 753
data
analyzing, 211
in the natural and applied sciences, 315–16
qualitative and quantitative, 307, 308
replicable, 315
databases, periodical
citing articles from
APA style, 452, 470–71, 472–73
Chicago style, 494, 504, 506–7
CSE style, 527, 528–29
MLA style, 403, 426, 428–29
searching, 202, 203–5
dates
abbreviations for, 737–38
commas in, 694–95
numbers in, 741
deadlines, 193, 254, 335
decimals, 741
declarative sentences, 560, 675
deductive reasoning, 146–47, 173–74
definite article (the)
capitalizing in titles, 733
for multilingual writers, 563–66, 657
with nouns, 535
definition
for essay examinations, 332
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 102
definitions, quotation marks with, 715–16
delivery
of arguments, 182–83
of presentations, 281–82
print or digital, 124–25, 263
demonstrative pronouns, 539
denotation, 379–80
dependent clause, 556 Sometimes called a “subordinate clause,” a word group that contains a subject and a predicate but can’t stand alone as a sentence because it begins with either a subordinating conjunction (because, although) or a relative pronoun (that, which).
in complex and compound-complex sentences, 559–60
as sentence fragment, 646
and sentence types, 559–60
subordinating, 667–71, 675
description
Considering Disabilities, 177
in emotional appeals (pathos), 175–76
for essay examinations, 332
for exploring a topic, 45
for paragraph development, 101
design, 262–71. See also formatting; visuals and media
for argument, 167–68, 182–83
color, 266–67
Considering Disabilities, 267
critical reading and, 126, 129
for digital texts, 263
formats, 265–68
genre and, 263
headings, 268
margins, 266, 267–68
for multilingual writers, 266
planning, 263–65
for portfolios, 338
principles of, 263–65
purpose and, 263
for research projects, 252
revising, 86
spacing, 266, 266–67
templates for, 265, 288, 338, 347
type size and fonts, 267
visuals and media, 262–63, 268–71
white space, 266
detail. See also evidence
in arguments, 175–76
in paragraphs, 99–108
reviewing, 73
revising, 80
in visuals and media, 99–100
determiners, 535, 540, 563–64
development, of paragraphs, 94–117
diagrams, 269. See also visuals and media
dialects, regional, 369–71, 613
dialogue
paragraphing, 116–17, 715
quotation marks for, 715
dictation, for notes, 198
diction. See word choice
dictionaries, 386–89. See also vocabulary
for multilingual writers, 388, 389
Quick Help, 386–87
difference, respecting, 354–55, 360–66
different from, different than, 754
digital texts. See also multimodal text; Web sites
annotating, 230
audience for, 14–16, 31, 345–46, 354–59
best practices for, 21–22
blogs, 45, 197, 248, 288–89
chunking for, 267–68
citing
APA style, 457, 470–78
Chicago style, 493–94, 498–512
CSE style, 503–5, 526–30
MLA style, 403, 407, 425–39
collaborating on, 118–22, 298–99
cover letters for résumés, 325
designing, 262–71
discussion lists and forums, 21, 46, 248
email, 21–22, 323
global communication, 354–59
marking up, 68–69
organizing, 56–57, 357–58
permission for, 238
podcasts, 289–90
portfolios, 337–43
presentations, 283–84
print texts versus, 124–25, 263
reading critically, 124–25
résumés, 327
rhetorical situation for, 20–22, 36–37, 285–86
sample student texts, 346–51
social media, 14–16, 31, 248, 346
streaming media, 289–90
text messages, 248, 346, 358, 378
Twitter and microblogs, 14–16, 288–89, 346, 359
Webcasts, 283
wikis, 208, 289
direct address, 694
direct discourse, 627–28, 713–15. See also quotations
directions. See compass points, capitalization of; process analysis
directness, 18, 357–58
direct objects, 550–51, 623
direct questions, 705
direct quotations, 233–34, 713–15. See also quotations
disabilities. See Considering Disabilities
disciplines, academic, 292–330
abbreviations in, 740
assignments for, 293–94
business, 322–30
collaboration in, 298–99
conventions in, 297–98
ethics and, 298
evidence for, 296–97
humanities, 300–305
numbers in, 740
Quick Help, 293–94
reading for, 293
sciences, natural and applied, 315–21
social sciences, 306–14
style in, 295–96
Talking the Talk, 296, 740
vocabulary for, 294–95
writing in any discipline, 292
discourse, direct and indirect, 627–28, 713–15, 717
discovery. See exploring a topic
discreet, discrete, 754
discussion lists and forums, 21, 46, 248
discussions, in class, 19–20
disinterested, uninterested, 754
disruptive modifiers, 651
distinct, distinctive, 754
division and classification
organizing with, 51
for paragraph development, 102
division-of-labor model of collaboration, 121
do, forms of
as helping verbs, 534, 570
as irregular verbs, 574
strong verbs versus, 680–81
documentation
APA style, 451–92
Chicago style, 493–517
CSE style, 518–32
incomplete or missing, 3, 245–46
MLA style, 402–50
in online texts, 287
preparing, 259
of visuals and media, 237–39, 270
in wikis, 289
document numbers, 528, 529
doesn’t, don’t, 754
DOI (digital object identifier)
APA style, 470–72
Chicago style, 504
don’t, doesn’t, 754
dots. See ellipses
double comparatives and superlatives, 615
double negatives, 616
doublespeak, 378
doubt, modals to show, 572
doubting game, 141
drafting, 58–62. See also reviewing; revising
essay examinations, 331, 334
peer review and, 58, 66–76
planning and, 54–58
Quick Help, 58–59
research projects, 254–55
sample student drafts, 59–62, 88–92
stages of, 72–73
drawing, to explore a topic, 43–44
due to, because of, 752
dummy subjects, 549, 557