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Facebook. See social media

fairness, in arguments, 167

fair use, 238, 290

fallacies, in argument, 149–53

false analogies, 151

false authority, 150, 171

family names, capitalizing, 734

farther, further, 754

faulty predication, 655–56

faulty sentence structure, 6, 654–55 A common writing problem in which a sentence begins with one grammatical pattern and switches to another (also called “mixed structure”).

feedback. See peer reviews

few, many, 563–64

fewer, less, 754

field research

analyzing, 211

to gather information, 50

interviews, 208–9

observations, 209–10

as primary source, 199

questionnaires, 210–11

Quick Help, 209, 210

surveys, 210–11

figurative language, 43–44, 176, 382–84

figures. See visuals and media

figures of speech, 43–44, 176, 382–84

files, for drafts, 58–59, 68–69, 79

final, 615–16

finalize, 754

final y, 399

firstly, secondly, etc., 754

first person (I, we, us)

appropriate uses, 1, 32–33, 296

of forms of be, 569–70

I versus me, 598, 603

shifts and, 627

Talking the Talk, 296

flattery, in argument, 150

flaunt, flout, 754

flow, 108–11

flyers, 346, 348

folders

for drafts, 58, 68–69

for research, 197

fonts, 267

footnotes

APA style, 452

Chicago style, 494–96, 498–512

MLA style, 403–4

with quotation marks, 718

for. See coordinating conjunctions

foreign words. See non-English words

formality

in academic writing, 14–17, 32

audience and, 21, 30–33

in business writing, 323

context and, 374–79

in email, 21–22, 323, 358–59, 374

in global communication, 358–59

in online texts, 21–22

in public writing, 21–22, 358–59

rhetorical situation and, 24, 37

Talking the Talk, 600

tone and, 86, 629

formatting. See also visuals and media

APA style, 452–54, 458

business correspondence, 323–25

Chicago style, 494–96

CSE style, 316

design and, 265–68

in the disciplines, 297–98

email, 323

genre conventions, 263, 265

memos, 323–24

MLA style, 405, 411–12, 424

multimodal texts, 286

in the natural and applied sciences, 316

online texts, 286, 287–88

posters, 283

presentations, 277–80, 283–84

public writing, 345

résumés, 327–29

in the social sciences, 307

templates for, 265, 338, 347

former, latter, 754–55

forums, discussion, 21, 46

fractions

hyphens in, 748

numbers in, 741

slashes in, 726

subject-verb agreement with, 593

fragment, 10–11, 643–47 A group of words that is not a complete sentence but is punctuated as one. Usually a fragment lacks a subject, a verb, or both, or it is a dependent clause.

freespeaking, 41

freewriting, 41–42, 196

fundraising

pitch package, sample of, 349

Web page, sample of, 347

further, farther, 754

furthermore. See conjunctive adverb

fused (run-on) sentences, 8, 636–40 Sometimes called a “run-on,” a sentence in which two independent clauses are run together without a conjunction or punctuation between them (My dog barked he woke me up).

future perfect progressive, 579, 582

future perfect tense, 579, 582

future progressive, 579, 582

future tense, 578–79, 582 The tense of a verb that indicates an action or condition has not yet happened: They will arrive next week.