Part 9: SPEAKER’S REFERENCE

SPEAKER’S REFERENCE

FORMS OF SPEECHES

Chapter 23 The Informative Speech

Focus on Sharing Knowledge and Demonstrating Relevance

Identify the Subject Matter of Your Informative Speech

Decide How to Convey the Information

Clarify Complex Information

Appeal to Different Learning Styles

Arrange Speech Points in an Organizational Pattern

Chapter 24 The Persuasive Speech

Select a Persuasive Purpose If Your Goal Is to:

Increase the Odds of Achieving Your Persuasive Speech Goal by:

Recognize Classical Persuasive Appeals Using Logos, Pathos, and Ethos

Recognize Contemporary Persuasive Appeals to Audience Needs and Motivations

Use Your Own Credibility as a Tool of Persuasion

Chapter 25 Developing Arguments for the Persuasive Speech

Understand the Features of an Argument

Recognize the Three Types of Claims Made in Arguments

Consider the Kinds of Evidence That Best Support Your Claim

Select Among Different Types of Warrants to Gain Acceptance for Your Claims

Anticipate and Plan on Addressing Counterarguments to Your Position

Beware of Logical Fallacies That Will Weaken Your Arguments

Chapter 26 Organizing the Persuasive Speech

Select an Organizational Pattern Based on Your Claims, Desired Response, and Audience Attitudes

Use the Problem-Solution Pattern for Speeches that Demonstrate the Nature of a Problem and Provide Justification for a Solution

Consider the Motivated Sequence Pattern When Urging Action

If the Audience Is Already Aware of an Issue and Agrees That It Should Be Addressed, Consider the Comparative Advantage Pattern

If Listeners Disagree with Your Position or Are Conflicted, Consider the Refutation Pattern

Chapter 27 Special Occasion Speeches

Identify the Primary Purpose of Your Special Occasion Speech

Recognize the Types of Special Occasion Speeches

Focus Your Speech of Introduction on Motivating the Audience to Listen to the Speaker

Focus Your Speech of Acceptance on Expressing Gratitude for the Honor Bestowed on You

Focus Your Speech of Presentation on Explaining the Award and the Reason It Is Being Bestowed on the Recipient

Focus Remarks Made at Roasts and Toasts on the Person Being Honored

When Delivering a Eulogy, Pay Tribute to the Life of the Deceased

When Delivering an After-Dinner Speech, Balance Insight and Entertainment

Focus Your Speech of Inspiration on Uplifting the Audience

KEY TERMS

Chapter 23

image informative speech

preview statement

backstory

image operational definition*

definition by negation

image definition by example

definition by synonym

definition by etymology (word origin)

image analogy

Chapter 24

persuasion

image persuasive speaking*

persuasive appeals (“proofs”)

image logos

image argument*

syllogism

general case

major premise

specific case

minor premise

deductive reasoning

inductive reasoning

hasty generalization

informal syllogism (enthymeme)

image pathos

demagogue

fear appeal

ethos

motive

hierarchy of needs

elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM)

central processing

peripheral processing

image expectancy value theory*

speaker credibility

Chapter 25

image claim*

image evidence*

image warrants

image reasoning*

image claim of fact

speculative claim

claim of value

image claim of policy

cultural norms

cultural premises

motivational warrants

authoritative warrants

substantive warrants

warrants by cause (causal reasoning)

warrants by analogy (reasoning by analogy)

one-sided message

two-sided message

image logical fallacy*

image begging the question

image bandwagoning

image either-or fallacy

image ad hominem argument

image red herring fallacy

image hasty generalization

non sequitur

image slippery slope*

image appeal to tradition

Chapter 26

call to action

target audience

hostile audience or one that strongly disagrees

critical and conflicted audience

sympathetic audience

uninformed, less educated, or apathetic audience

image problem-solution pattern of arrangement

image problem-cause-solution pattern of arrangement

image motivated sequence pattern of arrangement

comparative advantage pattern of arrangement

refutation pattern of arrangement

Chapter 27

image special occasion speech

image speech of introduction*

speech of acceptance

speech of presentation

roast

toast

eulogy

after-dinner speech

canned speech

social agenda–setting

sermon

speech of inspiration

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