Chapter 4 Review

113

“Listening is a vital skill in public speaking and beyond.”

In this chapter, we discussed a major contrast—hearing noises, sounds, and words versus listening to them. Hearing refers to passively receiving these stimuli; listening refers to how one processes and understands them. This is particularly relevant to public speaking because both speakers and audience members must develop good listening skills to effectively convey and understand information. Good listening is not limited to words or even sound. By paying attention to an audience’s responses, a speaker can tell if he or she needs to adjust tone of voice, rate of speech, or some other aspect of his or her delivery.

We further explored how the listening process works, how information is retained, what the types of listening styles are, how individuals may listen differently in different contexts, what causes ineffective listening, and how to improve your listening skills both as a speaker and as an audience member. Listening is vital not only for developing and delivering a successful speech but also for observing and critiquing a presentation, and happily it is a skill that can be learned. To make the transition from hearing to listening, a person must process the message, coming to her or his own conclusions, and then retain or remember the message.

There are a host of culprits that lead to unsuccessful listening, including unprocessed note taking, nonlistening, interruptive listening, agenda-driven listening, argumentative listening, and nervous listening. Techniques for better listening include filtering out distractions, focusing on the speaker, and showing that you are listening. As a speaker, you can anticipate ineffective listening before your speech and plan accordingly, and you can maximize listening during your speech by tailoring your message and watching out for argumentative, defeated, and superficial listeners.

As an audience member, make sure to take notes and identify the speaker’s main points. When giving feedback, offer constructive criticism by considering the speech’s objectives, supporting your feedback with examples, and keeping appropriate ethical guidelines in mind.

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LaunchPad for Speak Up offers videos and encourages self-assessment through adaptive quizzing. Look for the check icon and play icon throughout the chapter for adaptive quizzing and online video activities.

Key Terms

hearing 94

listening 94

processing 95

retention 96

action-oriented listening 98

content-oriented listening 98

people-oriented listening 98

time-oriented listening 99

unprocessed note taking 101

nonlistening 102

interruptive listening 102

agenda-driven listening 103

argumentative listening 104

nervous listening 105

interactive listening 106

external noise 106

internal noise 106

audience surveillance 108

defeated listening 110

superficial listening 111

speech critique 112

constructive criticism 112

Review Questions

  1. Question

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  2. Question

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    What are the various styles of listening identified in this chapter? How are they different from one another?

  3. Question

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  4. Question

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  5. Question

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  6. Question

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  7. Question

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  8. Question

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  9. Question

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115

Critical Thinking Questions

  1. Question

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  2. Question

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  3. Question

    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
    Consider the attentiveness curve presented on page 97. Do you recognize this pattern in your own behavior during lectures? How can you combat the pattern as both an audience member and a student? As a speaker, how might your knowledge of this pattern influence the way you choose to organize and deliver your speech?

  4. Question

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  5. Question

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Activities

  1. Question

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    Chapter 4 - Activity Question 1

  2. Question

    gT/RRcPTSEfb8Ib/2gq+j//Bv6zhe2CZ8ig70a0Ozv2Dc2KXIEYfsKvHc1kgbftJar8cQzah1p1WVv0E/t7wTcYRAKekK/lJMbAuSTwVUPqBlLQ0e7jWx2+vjJ07dgYY7RBdWehpbKmXETkLdrlEaoQVQaMWbLshfrWKe2nWRsUYoVM8rWdN1G4exrkA47Pv3Bt6DTslHUz4KUcLFtWWVn399RZSiJ5OoRX7bax4402m1ZBZulKDxlcA5pIPE4y9KW2xiK3vztd7wk2pQWqq67UzVEUcbiDvUc0b3KI0oY48WmU1ePJL3O8lmIQrBnDaoqMVhEWIAznFX+n2AkSHaN7biA9bnNpYHlBppdzITHMY3G4ijEPxaGFuIGiUmAttF5tTdsWUgFH1IEJf7v6gro+TVTV3iQmwjqYjU8+wCyHbwW2Dey/DIhrfNCErjkpVdiuuOYMWfP317tkM13vE7yiKKB4bMxcdeFGGVQ==
    Chapter 4 - Activity Question 2

  3. Question

    ariesxVRyv6V668r1XhTux1p9zp+30IfHFFYLiSEBcSxvECHqnz4sjAYBrsa/M1Og1t8PGjTxXqlISosxUnoYa8JPe1ieL6t/uhcgm3fiaWgzEO77kxRv/Hpzw3wlYaEgwA9cuul4E/XbSWSUOQmO2ER9WTEqiFqcgVRcFWEDjgeU0AW4KwV57pKroYbHFiRJREaw6c4YD/eUCofXo+JYAbZx2xlKCCXoqY7MKa4abpFNkjZmB+f5Woh8vPSQkh3zHI/U9Rshibr5wfi10GUhcM6+VBy78VElPCVZm898/XQrIY68AzuU3ylSV1homPgP5aP/lyEbqr7MYXh5vNLduTbYJLf/WVwdQn4/s5MXJjs6nw9PxEjelY54F+bdP/adErynX436ePttYVAjF9RQY97zWWc70g4K7GXIj2PhO2tHAphm4y8dB+XMYMXmQFBfExqEMaKxff5NGEgkqq/dF1UneuptkK5Bt4uyOrttvZAMWopxOGEdDY7le1YDrYHSqvXtKM6su/lvovlg6U35/7YTijUIND0Lum+O0AJXX5maSkUBhsL32GiRIpszlGeh6womfwIL1e+t8cEAMV9rU1w3GmomkNSEsd5KLuAWTMSXdUo7N3mEQ/vIk2/vdygMdRy/JCoK5hg6A2YdFKpEJ7bgIRZnbq3VsF3VZhSvwZGRhA3Dze822telnHv9iHycgueRlOvk+vNCwJFGQiE27Lu8qbZT0mPqRnwt2eGIVkrp0Ug3gwmKA==
    Chapter 4 - Activity Question 3