Historical Thinking, Reading, and Writing Skills for AP World History
Historical Thinking Skills for World History
Skill 1: Crafting Historical Arguments from Historical Evidence
Skill 2: Chronological Reasoning
Skill 3: Comparison and Contextualization
Skill 4: Historical Interpretation and Synthesis
Getting the Most Out of Reading World History
Pre-reading
During Reading
Post-reading
Writing about World History
Continuity and Change Over Time
Comparison
Document-Based Question Essay
Working with Primary Sources
Working with Written Documents
Working with Visual Sources
Prologue: From Cosmic History to Human History
The History of the Universe
The History of a Planet
Why World History?
Change, Comparison, and Connection: The Three Cs of World History
Snapshot: The History of the Universe as a Cosmic Calendar
Second Thoughts
Part One: First Things First: Beginnings in History, to 500 B.C.E.
The Big Picture: Turning Points in Early World History
The Emergence of Humankind
The Globalization of Humankind
The Revolution of Farming and Herding
The Turning Point of Civilization
A Note on Dates
Mapping Part One
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Out of Africa to the Ends of the Earth: First Migrations
Into Eurasia
Into Australia
Into the Americas
Into the Pacific
The Ways We Were
The First Human Societies
Economy and the Environment
The Realm of the Spirit
Settling Down: The Great Transition
Breakthroughs to Agriculture
Common Patterns
Variations
The Globalization of Agriculture
Triumph and Resistance
Portrait: Ishi, The Last of His People
The Culture of Agriculture
Social Variation in the Age of Agriculture
Pastoral Societies
Agricultural Village Societies
Chiefdoms
Reflections: The Uses of the Paleolithic
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: History before Writing: How Do We Know?
Document 1.1: A Paleolithic Woman in the Twentieth Century: Nisa: The Life and Words of an !Kung Woman, 1969-1976
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: History before Writing: How Do We Know?
Visual Source 1.1: Lascaus Rock Art
Visual Source 1.2: Women, Men, and Religion in Çatalhüyük
Visual Source 1.3: Otzi the Iceman
Visual Source 1.4: Stonehenge
Using the Evidence: History before Writing: How Do We Know?
Chapter 1 Considering the Evidence Documents and Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 1 Summative Quiz
Chapter 1 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Something New: The Emergence of Civilizations
Introducing the First Civilizations
The Question of Origins
An Urban Revolution
The Erosion of Equality
Hierarchies of Class
Hierarchies of Gender
Patriarchy in Practice
The Rise of the State
Coercion and Consent
Writing and Accounting
The Grandeur of Kings
Comparing Mesopotamia and Egypt
Environment and Culture
Cities and States
Portrait: Paneb, An Egyptian Criminal
Interaction and Exchange
Reflections: “Civilization”: What’s in a Word?
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Life and Afterlife in Mesopotamia and Egypt
Document 2.1: In Search of Eternal Life: The Epic of Gilgamesh, ca. 2700 B.C.E.–2500 B.C.E.
Document 2.2: Law and Justice in Ancient Mesopotamia: The Law Code of Hammurabi, ca. 1800 B.C.E.
Document 2.3: The Afterlife of a Pharaoh: A Pyramid Text, 2333 B.C. E.
Document 2.4: A New Basis for Egyptian Immortality: Book of the Dead, ca. 1550-1064 B.C.E.
Document 2.5: The Occupations of Old Egypt: Be a Scribe, ca. 2066-1650 B.C.E.
Using the Evidence: Life and Afterlife in Mesopotamia and Egypt
Chapter 2: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Indus Valley Civilization
Visual Source 2.1: A Seal from the Indus Valley
Visual Source 2.2: Man from Mohenjo Daro
Visual Source 2.3: Dancing Girl
Using the Evidence: Indus Valley Civilization
Chapter 2: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 2 Summative Quiz
Chapter 2 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Part Two: Second-Wave Civilizations in World History, 500 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
The Big Picture: After the First Civilizations: What Changed and What Didn't?
Continuities in Civilization
Changes in Civilization
Mapping Part Two
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Empires and Civilizations in Collision: The Persians and the Greeks
The Persian Empire
The Greeks
Collision: The Greco-Persian Wars
Collision: Alexander and the Hellenistic Era
Comparing Empires: Roman and Chinese
Rome: From City-State to Empire
China: From Warring States to Empire
Portrait: Trung Trac: Resisting the Chinese Empire
Consolidating the Roman and Chinese Empires
The Collapse of Empires
Intermittent Empire: The Case of India
Reflections: Enduring Legacies of Second-Wave Empires
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Political Authority in Second Wave Civilizations
Document 3.1: In Praise of Athenian Democracy: Pericles, Funeral Oration, 431-430 B.C.E.
Document 3.2: In Praise of the Roman Empire: Aelius Aristides, The Roman Oration, 155 C.E.
Document 3.3: Governing a Chinese Empire: The Writings of Master Han Fei, third century B.C.E.
Document 3.4: Governing an Indian Empire: Ashoka, The Rock Edicts, ca. 268-232 B.C.E.
Using the Evidence: Political Authority in Second Wave Civilizations
Chapter 3: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Representing Political Authority
Visual Source 3.1: Bihustun Inscription
Visual Source 3.2: Harmodius and Aristogeiton
Visual Source 3.3: Qin Shihuangdi Funerary Complex
Visual Source 3.4: Augustus
Using the Evidence: Representing Political Authority
Chapter 3: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 3 Summative Quiz
Chapter 3 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
China and the Search for Order
The Legalist Answer
The Confucian Answer
The Daoist Answer
Cultural Traditions of Classical India
South Asian Religion: From Ritual Sacrifice to Philosophical Speculation
The Buddhist Challenge
Hinduism as a Religion of Duty and Devotion
Moving toward Monotheism: The Search for God in the Middle East
Zoroastrianism
Judaism
The Cultural Tradition of Classical Greece: The Search for a Rational Order
The Greek Way of Knowing
The Greek Legacy
The Birth of Christianity…with Buddhist Comparisons
The Lives of the Founders
The Spread of New Religions
Portrait: Perpetua, Christian Martyr
Institutions, Controversies, and Divisions
Reflections: Religion and Historians
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: The Good Life in Eurasian Civilizations
Document 4.1: Reflections from Confucius: Confucius, The Analects, ca. 479-221 B.C.E.
Document 4.2: Reflections from the Hindu Scriptures: Bhagavad Gita, ca. fifth to second century B.C.E.
Document 4.3: Reflections from Socrates: Plato, Apology, ca. 399 B.C.E.
Document 4.4: Reflections from Jesus: The Gospel of Matthew, ca. 70-100 C.E.
Using the Evidence: The Good Life in Eurasian Civilizations
Chapter 4: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Representations of the Buddha
Visual Source 4.1: Footprints of the Buddha
Visual Source 4.2: A Gandhara Buddha
Visual Source 4.3: A Bodhisattva of Compassion: Kannon of 1,000 Arms
Visual Source 4.4: The Chinese Maitreya Buddha
Using the Evidence: Representations of the Buddha
Chapter 4: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 4 Summative Quiz
Chapter 4 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Society and the State in China
An Elite of Officials
Portrait: Ge Hong, a Chinese Scholar in Troubled Times
The Landlord Class
Peasants
Merchants
Class and Caste in India
Caste as Varna
Caste as Jati
The Functions of Caste
Slavery: The Case of the Roman Empire
Slavery and Civilization
The Making of Roman Slavery
Resistance and Rebellion
Comparing Patriarchies
A Changing Patriarchy: The Case of China
Contrasting Patriarchies in Athens and Sparta
Reflections: Arguing with Solomon and the Buddha
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Patriarchy and Women’s Voices
Document 5.1: A Chinese Woman’s Instructions to Her Daughters: Ban Zhao, Lessons for Women, Late First century C.E.
Document 5.2: An Alternative to Patriarchy in India: Psalms of the Sisters, First Ccentury B.C.E.
Document 5.3: Roman Women in Protest: Livy, History of Rome, Late First Century B.C.E. to Early First Century C.E.
Using the Evidence: Patriarchy and Women’s Voices
Chapter 5: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Visual Source 5.1: Terentius Neo and His Wife
Visual Source 5.2: A Pompeii Banquet
Visual Source 5.3: Scenes in a Pompeii Tavern
Visual Source 5.4: A Domestic Shrine
Visual Source 5.5: Mystery Religions: The Cult of Dionysus
Using the Evidence: Pompeii as a Window on the Roman World
Chapter 5: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 5 Summative Quiz
Chapter 5 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Continental Comparisons
African Civilizations
Meroë: Continuing a Nile Valley Civilization
Portrait: Piye, Kushite Conqueror of Egypt
Axum: The Making of a Christian Kingdom
Along the Niger River: Cities without States
Civilizations of Mesoamerica
The Maya: Writing and Warfare
Teotihuacán: The Americas’ Greatest City
Civilizations of the Andes
Chavín: A Pan-Andean Religious Movement
Moche: A Civilization of the Coast
Wari and Tiwanaku: Empires of the Interior
Alternatives to Civilization: Bantu Africa
Cultural Encounters
Society and Religion
Alternatives to Civilization: North America
The Ancestral Pueblo: Pit Houses and Great Houses
Peoples of the Eastern Woodlands: The Mound Builders
Reflections: Deciding What’s Important: Balance in World History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Axum and the World
Document 6.1: A Guidebook to the World of Indian Ocean Commerce: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, First Century C.E.
Document 6.2: The Making of an Axumite Empire: Inscription on a Stone Throne, Second or Third century C.E.
Document 6.3: The Coming of Christianity to Axum: Rufinus, On the Evangelization of Abyssinia, Late Fourth Century C.E.
Document 6.4: Axum and the Gold Trade: Cosmas, The Christian Topography, Sixth Century C.E.
Using the Evidence: Axum and the World
Chapter 6: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Art and the Maya Elite
Visual Source 6.1: Shield Jaguar and Lady Xok: A Royal Couple of Yaxchilan
Visual Source 6.2: The Presentation of Captives
Visual Source 6.3: A Bloodletting Ritual
Visual Source 6.4: The Ball Game
Using the Evidence: Art and the Maya Elite
Chapter 6: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 6 Summative Quiz
Chapter 6 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Part Three: An Age of Accelerating Connections, 500-1500
The Big Picture: Defining a Millennium
Third-Wave Civilizations: Something New, Something Old, Something Blended
The Ties that Bind: Transregional Interaction in the Third-Wave Era
Mapping Part Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Silk Roads: Exchange across Eurasia
The Growth of the Silk Roads
Goods in Transit
Cultures in Transit
Disease in Transit
Sea Roads: Exchange across the Indian Ocean
Weaving the Web of an Indian Ocean World
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: Southeast Asia
Sea Roads as a Catalyst for Change: East Africa
Sand Roads: Exchange across the Sahara
Commercial Beginnings in West Africa
Gold, Salt, and Slaves: Trade and Empire in West Africa
An American Network: Commerce and Connection in the Western Hemisphere
Portrait: Thorfinn Karlsefni, Viking Voyager
Reflections: Economic Globalization—Ancient and Modern
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Travelers’ Tales and Observations
Document 7.1: A Chinese Buddhist in India: Huili, A Biography of the Tripitaka Master and Xuanzang, Record of the Western Region, Seventh Century C.E.
Document 7.2: A European Christian in China: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1299
Document 7.3: A Arab Muslim in West Africa: Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa, 1354
Using the Evidence: Travelers’ Tales and Observations
Chapter 7: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Traveling the Silk Road
Visual Source 7.1: Silk Road Merchants Encounter Bandits
Visual Source 7.2: A Stop at a Caravanserai
Visual Source 7.3: A Buddhist Monk on the Silk Road
Visual Source 7.4: Greek Culture, Buddhism, and the Kushans
Visual Source 7.5: Islam, Shamanism, and the Turks
Using the Evidence: Traveling the Silk Road
Chapter 7: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 7 Summative Quiz
Chapter 7 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Together Again: The Reemergence of a Unified China
A “Golden Age” of Chinese Achievement
Women in the Song Dynasty
China and the Northern Nomads: A Chinese World Order in the Making
The Tribute System in Theory
The Tribute System in Practice
Cultural Influence across an Ecological Frontier
Coping with China: Comparing Korea, Vietnam, and Japan
Korea and China
Vietnam and China
Japan and China
Portrait: Izumi Shikibu, Japanese Poet and Lover
China and the Eurasian World Economy
Spillovers: China’s Impact on Eurasia
On the Receiving End: China as Economic Beneficiary
China and Buddhism
Making Buddhism Chinese
Losing State Support: The Crisis of Chinese Buddhism
Reflections: Why Do Things Change?
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: The Making of Japanese Civilization
Document 8.1: Japanese Political Ideals: Shotoku, The Seventeen Article Constitution, 604
Document 8.2: The Uniqueness of Japan: Kitabatake Chikafusa, The Chronicle of the Direct Descent of Gods and Sovereigns, 1339
Document 8.3: Social Life at Court: Sei Shonagon, Pillow Book, ca. 1000
Document 8.4: The Way of the Warrior: Shiba Yosimasa, Advice to Young Samurai, ca. 1400 and Imagawa Ryoshun, The Imagawa Letter, 1412
Using the Evidence: The Making of Japanese Civilization
Chapter 8: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: The Leisure Life of China’s Elites
Visual Source 8.1: A Banquet with the Emperor
Visual Source 8.2: At Table with the Empress
Visual Source 8.3: A Literary Gathering
Visual Source 8.4: An Elite Night Party
Using the Evidence: The Leisure Life of China’s Elites
Chapter 8: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 8 Summative Quiz
Chapter 8 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
The Birth of a New Religion
The Homeland of Islam
The Messenger and the Message
The Transformation of Arabia
The Making of an Arab Empire
War, Conquest, and Tolerance
Conversion
Divisions and Controversies
Women and Men in Early Islam
Islam and Cultural Encounter: A Four-Way Comparison
The Case of India
The Case of Anatolia
The Case of West Africa
Portrait: Mansa Musa, West African Monarch and Muslim Pilgrim
The Case of Spain
The World of Islam as a New Civilization
Networks of Faith
Networks of Exchange
Reflections: Past and Present: Choosing Our History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Voices of Islam
Document 9.1: The Voice of Allah: The Quran, Seventh Century C.E.
Document 9.2: The Voice of the Prophet Muhammad: The Hadith, Eighth and Ninth Centuries
Document 9.3: The Voice of the Law: The Sharia, ninth century
Document 9.4: The Voice of the Sufis: Inscription on Rumi’s Tomb, Thirteenth Century, Rumi, Poem, Thirteenth Century, and Rumi, Mathnawi, Thirteenth Century
Using the Evidence: Voices of Islam
Chapter 9: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: The Life of the Prophet
Visual Source 9.1: Muhammad and the Archangel Gabriel
Visual Source 9.2: The Night Journey of Muhammad
Visual Source 9.3: The Battle at Badr
Visual Source 9.4: The Destruction of the Idols
Using the Evidence: The Life of the Prophet
Chapter 9: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 9 Summative Quiz
Chapter 9 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Christian Contraction in Asia and Africa
Asian Christianity
African Christianity
Byzantine Christendom: Building on the Roman Past
The Byzantine State
The Byzantine Church and Christian Divergence
Byzantium and the World
The Conversion of Russia
Western Christendom: Rebuilding in the Wake of Roman Collapse
Political Life in Western Europe, 500–1000
Society and the Church, 500–1000
Accelerating Change in the West, 1000–1300
Portrait: Cecilia Penifader, An English Peasant and Unmarried Woman
Europe Outward Bound: The Crusading Tradition
The West in Comparative Perspective
Catching Up
Pluralism in Politics
Reason and Faith
Reflections: Remembering and Forgetting: Continuity and Surprise in the Worlds of Christendom
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: The Making of Christian Europe
Document 10.1: The Conversion of Clovis: Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, Late Sixth Century
Document 10.2: Advice on Dealing with “Pagans”: Pope Gregory, Advice to the English Church, 603
Document 10.3: Charlemagne and the Saxons: Charlemagne, Capitulary on Saxony, 785
Document 10.4: The Persistence of Tradition: Willibald, Life of Boniface, ca. 760
Document 10.5: The Leechbook, Tenth Century
Using the Evidence: The Making of Christian Europe
Chapter 10: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Reading Byzantine Icons
Visual Source 10.1: Christ Pantokrator
Visual Source 10.2: The Nativity
Visual Source 10.3: Ladder of Divine Ascent
Using the Evidence: Reading Byzantine Icons
Chapter 10: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 10 Summative Quiz
Chapter 10 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Looking Back and Looking Around: The Long History of Pastoral Nomads
The World of Pastoral Societies
Portrait: Khutulun, A Mongol Wrestler Princess
Before the Mongols: Pastoralists in History
Breakout: The Mongol Empire
From Temujin to Chinggis Khan: The Rise of the Mongol Empire
Explaining the Mongol Moment
Encountering the Mongols: Comparing Three Cases
China and the Mongols
Persia and the Mongols
Russia and the Mongols
The Mongol Empire as a Eurasian Network
Toward a World Economy
Diplomacy on a Eurasian Scale
Cultural Exchange in the Mongol Realm
The Plague: An Afro-Eurasian Pandemic
Reflections: Changing Images of Nomadic Peoples
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Perspectives on the Mongols
Document 11.1: Mongol History from a Mongol Source: The Secret History of the Mongols, ca. 1240
Document 11.2: A Letter from Chinggis Khan: Chinggis Khan, Letter to Changchun, 1219
Document 11.3: A Russian View of the Mongols: The Chronicle of Novgorod, 1238
Document 11.4: Chinese Perceptions of the Mongols: Epitaph for the Honorable Menggu, 1274
Using the Evidence: Perspectives on the Mongols
Chapter 11: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: The Black Death and Religion in Western Europe
Visual Source 11.1: The Flagellants
Visual Source 11.2: Burying the Dead
Visual Source 11.3: A Culture of Death
Visual Source 11.4: In the Face of Catastrophe—Questioning or Affirming the Faith
Using the Evidence: The Black Death and Religion in Western Europe
Chapter 11: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 11 Summative Quiz
Chapter 11 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
The Shapes of Human Communities
Paleolithic Persistence: Australia and North America
Agricultural Village Societies: The Igbo and the Iroquois
Pastoral Peoples: Central Asia and West Africa
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: Comparing China and Europe
Ming Dynasty China
Portrait: Zheng He, China's Non-Chinese Admiral
European Comparisons: State Building and Cultural Renewal
European Comparisons: Maritime Voyaging
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Islamic World
In the Islamic Heartland: The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
On the Frontiers of Islam: The Songhay and Mughal Empires
Civilizations of the Fifteenth Century: The Americas
The Aztec Empire
The Inca Empire
Webs of Connection
A Preview of Coming Attractions: Looking Ahead to the Modern Era, 1500–2012
Reflections: What If? Chance and Contingency in World History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: The Aztecs and the Incas through Spanish Eyes
Document 12.1: Diego Duran on the Aztecs: King Moctezuma I, Laws, Ordinances and Regulations, ca. 1450 and Diego Duran, Book of the Gods and Rites, 1574-1576
Document 12.2: Pedro de Cieza de Léon on the Incas: Pedro de Cieza de Léon, Chronicles of the Incas, ca. 1550
Using the Evidence: The Aztecs and the Incas through Spanish Eyes
Chapter 12: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Visual Source 12.1: Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Mehmed II
Visual Source 12.2: The Venetian Ambassador Visits Damascus
Visual Source 12.3: Aristotle and Averroes
Visual Source 12.4: St. George Baptizes the Pagans of Jerusalem
Visual Source 12.5: Giovanni da Modena, Muhammad in Hell
Using the Evidence: Islam and Renaissance Europe
Chapter 12: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 12 Summative Quiz
Chapter 12 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Part Four: The Early Modern World, 1450-1750
The Big Picture: Debating the Character of an Era
An Early Modern Era?
A Late Agrarian Era?
Mapping Part Four
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
European Empires in the Americas
The European Advantage
Portrait: Doña Marina, Between Two Worlds
The Great Dying
The Columbian Exchange
Comparing Colonial Societies in the Americas
In the Lands of the Aztecs and the Incas
Colonies of Sugar
Settler Colonies in North America
The Steppes and Siberia: The Making of a Russian Empire
Experiencing the Russian Empire
Russians and Empire
Asian Empires
Making China an Empire
Muslims and Hindus in the Mughal Empire
Muslims and Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Reflections: The Centrality of Context in World History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: State Building in the Early Modern Era
Document 13.1: The “Self-Portrait” of a Chinese Emperor: The Emperor Kangxi, Reflections, 1671-1722
Document 13.2: The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir: Jahangir, Memoirs, 1605-1627
Document 13.3: An Outsider’s View of Suleiman I: Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, The Turkish Letters, 1555-1562
Document 13.4: French State-Building and Louis XIV: Louis XIV, Memoirs, 1670
Using the Evidence: State Building in the Early Modern Era
Chapter 13: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: The Conquest of Mexico through Aztec Eyes
Visual Source 13.1: Disaster Foretold
Visual Source 13.2: Moctezuma and Cortés
Visual Source 13.3: The Massacre of the Nobles
Visual Source 13.4: The Spanish Retreat from Tenochtitlán
Using the Evidence: The Conquest of Mexico through Aztec Eyes
Chapter 13: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 13 Summative Quiz
Chapter 13 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Europeans and Asian Commerce
A Portuguese Empire of Commerce
Spain and the Philippines
The East India Companies
Asian Commerce
Silver and Global Commerce
The “World Hunt”: Fur in Global Commerce
Commerce in People: The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Trade in Context
The Slave Trade in Practice
Consequences: The Impact of the Slave Trade in Africa
Portrait: Ayuba Suleiman Diallo, To Slavery and Back
Reflections: Economic Globalization—Then and Now
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Voices from the Slave Trade
Document 14.1: The Journey to Slavery: Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, 1789
Document 14.2: The Business of the Slave Trade: Thomas Phillips, “A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London,” 1694
Document 14.3: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Kongo: King Affonso I, Letters to King Jao of Portugal, 1526
Document 14.4: The Slave Trade and the Kingdom of Asante: Osei Bons, Conversation with Joseph Dupuis, 1820
Using the Evidence: Voices from the Slave Trade
Chapter 14: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
Visual Source 14.1: Tea and Porcelain in Europe
Visual Source 14.2: A Chocolate Party in Spain
Visual Source 14.3: An Ottoman Coffeehouse
Visual Source 14.4: Clothing and Status in Colonial Mexico
Using the Evidence: Exchange and Status in the Early Modern World
Chapter 14: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 14 Summative Quiz
Chapter 14 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
The Globalization of Christianity
Western Christendom Fragmented: The Protestant Reformation
Christianity Outward Bound
Conversion and Adaptation in Spanish America
Portrait: Ursula de Jesus, An Afro-Peruvian Slave and Christian Visionary
An Asian Comparison: China and the Jesuits
Persistence and Change in Afro-Asian Cultural Traditions
Expansion and Renewal in the Islamic World
China: New Directions in an Old Tradition
India: Bridging the Hindu/Muslim Divide
A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science
The Question of Origins: Why Europe?
Science as Cultural Revolution
Science and Enlightenment
Looking Ahead: Science in the Nineteenth Century
European Science beyond the West
Reflections: Cultural Borrowing and Its Hazards
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Renewal and Reform in the Early Modern World
Document 15.1: Luther’s Protest: Martin Luther, Table Talk, early sixteenth century
Document 15.2: Progress and Enlightenment: Marquis de Condorcet, Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind, 1793-1794
Document 15.3: The Wahhabi Perspective on Islam: Abdullah Wahhab, “History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis,” 1803
Document 15.4: The Poetry of Kabîr: Kabîr, Poetry, ca. late fifteenth century
Using the Evidence: Renewal and Reform in the Early Modern World
Chapter 15: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Global Christianity in the Early Modern World
Visual Source 15.1: Pieter Seanredam, Interior of a Dutch Reformed Church and Visual Source 15.2: Catholic Baroque: Interior of Pilgrimage Church, Mariazell, Austria
Visual Source 15.3: Cultural Blending in Andean Christianity
Visual Source 15.4: Making Christianity Chinese
Visual Source 15.5: Christian Art at the Mughal Court
Using the Evidence: Global Christianity in the Early Modern World
Chapter 15: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 15 Summative Quiz
Chapter 15 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Part Five: The European Moment In World History, 1750-1914
The Big Picture: European Centrality and the Problem of Eurocentrism
Eurocentric Geography and History
Countering Eurocentrism
Mapping Part Five
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Atlantic Revolutions in a Global Context
Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
The North American Revolution, 1775–1787
The French Revolution, 1789–1815
The Haitian Revolution, 1791–1804
Spanish American Revolutions, 1810–1825
Echoes of Revolution
The Abolition of Slavery
Nations and Nationalism
Feminist Beginnings
Portrait: Kartini, Feminism and Nationalism in Java
Reflections: Revolutions Pro and Con
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Claiming Rights
Document 16.1: The French Revolution and the "Rights of Man": The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 1789
Document 16.2: Rights and National Independence: Simón Bolívar, The Jamaica Letter, 1815
Document 16.3: Rights and Slavery: Frederick Douglass, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", 1852
Document 16.4: The Rights of Women: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Solitude of Self, 1892
Using the Evidence: Claiming Rights
Chapter 16: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Representing the French Revolution
Visual Source 16.1: The Early Years of the French Revolution: "The Joyous Accord"
Visual Source 16.2: A Reversal of Roles: The Three Estates of Revolutionary France
Visual Source 16.3: Revolution and Religion: "Patience, Monsignor, your turn will come"
Visual Source 16.4: An English Response to Revolution: "Hell Broke Loose or The Murder of Louis"
Using the Evidence: Representing the French Revolution
Chapter 16: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 16 Summative Quiz
Chapter 16 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Explaining the Industrial Revolution
Why Europe?
Why Britain?
The First Industrial Society
The British Aristocracy
The Middle Classes
The Laboring Classes
Portrait: Ellen Johnston, Factory Girl and Poet
Social Protest
Europeans in Motion
Variations on a Theme: Comparing Industrialization in the United States and Russia
The United States: Industrialization without Socialism
Russia: Industrialization and Revolution
The Industrial Revolution and Latin America in the Nineteenth Century
After Independence in Latin America
Facing the World Economy
Becoming like Europe?
Reflections: History and Horse Races
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Experiencing Industrialization
Document 17.1: The Experience of an English Factory Worker: Elizabeth Bentley, Factory Worker, Testimony, 1831 and William Harter, Mill Owner, Testimony, 1832
Document 17.2: A Weaver’s Lament: Only a Weaver, 1860s
Document 17.3: A Middle-Class Understanding of the Industrial Poor: Samuel Smiles, Thrift, 1875
Document 17.4: Socialism According to Marx: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto, 1848
Using the Evidence: Experiencing Industrialization
Chapter 17: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Art and the Industrial Revolution
Visual Source 17.1: The Machinery Department of the Crystal Palace
Visual Source 17.2: The Railroad as a Symbol of the Industrial Era
Visual Source 17.3: Outside the Factory: Eyre Crowe, The Dinner Hour, Wigan
Visual Source 17.4: Inside the Factory: Lewis Hine, Child Labor, 1912
Visual Source 17.5: John Leech, Capital and Labour
Using the Evidence: Art and the Industrial Revolution
Chapter 17: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 17 Summative Quiz
Chapter 17 Wrap Up
Step One
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Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Industry and Empire
A Second Wave of European Conquests
Under European Rule
Cooperation and Rebellion
Colonial Empires with a Difference
Ways of Working: Comparing Colonial Economies
Economies of Coercion: Forced Labor and the Power of the State
Economies of Cash-Crop Agriculture: The Pull of the Market
Economies of Wage Labor: Migration for Work
Women and the Colonial Economy: Examples from Africa
Assessing Colonial Development
Believing and Belonging: Identity and Cultural Change in the Colonial Era
Education
Religion
Portrait: Wanjiku of Kenya, An Ordinary Woman in Extraordinary Times
“Race” and “Tribe”
Reflections: Who Makes History?
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Indian Responses to Empire
Document 18.1: Seeking Western Education: Ram Mohan Roy, Letter to Lord Amherst, 1823
Document 18.2: The Indian Rebellion: Prince Feroze Shah, The Azamgarh Proclamation, 1857
Document 18.3: The Credits and Debits of British Rule in India: Dadabhai Naoroji, Speech to a London Audience, 1871
Document 18.4: Gandhi on Modern Civilization: Mahatma Gandhi, Indian Home Rule, 1908
Using the Evidence: Indian Responses to Empire
Chapter 18: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: The Scramble for Africa
Visual Source 18.1: Prelude to the Scramble
Visual Source 18.2: Conquest and Competition
Visual Source 18.3: From the Cape to Cairo
Visual Source 18.4: British and French in North Africa
Visual Source 18.5: The Ethiopian Exception
Using the Evidence: The Scramble for Africa
Chapter 18: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 18 Summative Quiz
Chapter 18 Wrap Up
Step One
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Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis
The Crisis Within
Western Pressures
Portrait: Commissioner Lin, Confronting the Opium Trade
The Failure of Conservative Modernization
The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century
“The Sick Man of Europe”
Reform and Its Opponents
Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire
The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power
The Tokugawa Background
American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration
Modernization Japanese Style
Japan and the World
Reflections: Success and Failure in History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Changing China
Document 19.1: Towards a Constitutional Monarchy: Kang Youwei, Memorial to Emperor Guangxu, 1898
Document 19.2: Education and Examination: Anonymous, Editorial on China’s Examination System, 1898, and Emperor Guangxu, Edict on Education, 1898
Document 19.3: Gender, Reform, and Revolution: Qiu Jin, An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen, 1904
Document 19.4: Prescriptions for a Revolutionary China: Sun Yat-sen, The Three People’s Principles and the Future of the Chinese People, 1906
Using the Evidence: Changing China
Chapter 19: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Japanese Perceptions of the West
Visual Source 19.1: The Black Ships
Visual Source 19.2: Women and Westernization
Visual Source 19.3: Kobayashi Kiyochika’s Critique of Wholesale Westernization
Visual Source 19.4: Japan, China, and Europe: A Reversal of Roles
Using the Evidence: Japanese Perceptions of the West
Chapter 19: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 19 Summative Quiz
Chapter 19 Wrap Up
Step One
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Part Six: The Most Recent Century, 1914-2012
The Big Picture: Since World War I: A New Period in World History?
Mapping Part Six
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
The First World War: European Civilization in Crisis, 1914–1918
An Accident Waiting to Happen
Legacies of the Great War
Capitalism Unraveling: The Great Depression
Democracy Denied: Comparing Italy, Germany, and Japan
The Fascist Alternative in Europe
Hitler and the Nazis
Japanese Authoritarianism
A Second World War
The Road to War in Asia
The Road to War in Europe
The Outcomes of Global Conflict
Portrait: Etty Hillesum, Witness to the Holocaust
The Recovery of Europe
Reflections: War and Remembrance: Learning from History
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Ideologies of the Axis Powers
Document 20.1: Hitler on Nazism: Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf (My Struggle), 1925-1926
Document 20.2: The Japanese Way: Cardinal Principles of the National Entity of Japan, 1937
Using the Evidence: Ideologies of the Axis Powers
Chapter 20: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Propaganda and Critique in World War I
Visual Source 20.1: Defining the Enemy
Visual Source 20.2: Women and the War
Visual Source 20.3: War and the Colonies
Visual Source 20.4: The Battlefield
Visual Source 20.5: The Aftermath of War
Using the Evidence: Propaganda and Critique in World War I
Chapter 20: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 20 Summative Quiz
Chapter 20 Wrap Up
Step One
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Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Global Communism
Revolutions as a Path to Communism
Russia: Revolution in a Single Year
China: A Prolonged Revolutionary Struggle
Building Socialism in Two Countries
Communist Feminism
Socialism in the Countryside
Communism and Industrial Development
The Search for Enemies
Portrait: Anna Dubova, A Peasant Woman and Soviet Communist
East versus West: A Global Divide and a Cold War
Military Conflict and the Cold War
Nuclear Standoff and Third World Rivalry
The Cold War and the Superpowers
Paths to the End of Communism
China: Abandoning Communism and Maintaining the Party
The Soviet Union: The Collapse of Communism and Country
Reflections: To Judge or Not to Judge
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Experiencing Stalinism
Document 21.1: Stalin on Stalinism: Joseph Stalin, “The Results of the First Five-Year Plan,” 1933
Document 21.2: Living through Collectivization: Maurice Hindus, Red Bread, 1931
Document 21.3: Living through Industrialization: Personal Accounts of Soviet Industrialization, 1930s
Document 21.4: Living through the Terror: Personal Accounts of the Terror, 1930s
Using the Evidence: Experiencing Stalinism
Chapter 21: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Poster Art in Mao’s China
Visual Source 21.1: Smashing the Old Society
Visual Source 21.2: Building the New Society: The People’s Commune
Visual Source 21.3: Women, Nature, and Industrialization
Visual Source 21.4: The Cult of Mao
Using the Evidence: Poster Art in Mao’s China
Chapter 21: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 21 Summative Quiz
Chapter 21 Wrap Up
Step One
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Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
Toward Freedom: Struggles for Independence
The End of Empire in World History
Explaining African and Asian Independence
Comparing Freedom Struggles
The Case of India: Ending British Rule
Portrait: Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Muslim Pacifist
The Case of South Africa: Ending Apartheid
Experiments with Freedom
Experiments in Political Order: Party, Army, and the Fate of Democracy
Experiments in Economic Development: Changing Priorities, Varying Outcomes
Experiments with Culture: The Role of Islam in Turkey and Iran
Reflections: History in the Middle of the Stream
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Contending for Islam
Document 22.1: A Secular State for an Islamic Society in Turkey: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Speech to the General Congress of the Republican Party, 1927
Document 22.2: Political Islam: Ayatollah Khomeini, Sayings of the Ayatollah Khomeini, 1980
Document 22.3: Progressive Islam: Kabir Helminski, “Islam and Human Values,” 2009
Document 22.4: Abandoning Islam: Ayaan Hirsi Ail, From Islam to America, 2010
Using the Evidence: Contending for Islam
Chapter 22: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Representing Independence
Visual Source 22.1: African National Congress
Visual Source 22.2: Vietnamese Independence and Victory over the United States
Visual Source 22.3: Winning a Jewish National State
Visual Source 22.4: A Palestinian Nation in the Making
Using the Evidence: Representing Independence
Chapter 22: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 22 Summative Quiz
Chapter 22 Wrap Up
Step One
Step Two
Step Three
Author’s Preview Video
Chapter Introduction
Guided Reading Exercise
The Transformation of the World Economy
Reglobalization
Growth, Instability, and Inequality
Globalization and an American Empire
The Globalization of Liberation: Focus on Feminism
Feminism in the West
Feminism in the Global South
International Feminism
Religion and Global Modernity
Fundamentalism on a Global Scale
Creating Islamic Societies: Resistance and Renewal in the World of Islam
Religious Alternatives to Fundamentalism
Experiencing the Anthropocene Era: Environment and Environmentalism
The Global Environment Transformed
Green and Global
Portrait: Rachel Carson, Pioneer of Environmentalism
Final Reflections: Pondering the Past
Second Thoughts
Considering the Evidence Documents: Voices of Global Feminism
Document 23.1: Communist Feminism: Alexandra Kollotai, “Communism and the Family,” 1920
Document 23.2: Western Feminism: Andrea Dworkin, “Remember, Resist, Do Not Comply,” 1995
Document 23.3: Black American Feminism: Combahee River Collective, A Black Feminist Statement, 1977
Document 23.4: Islamic Feminism: Benzair Bhutto, Politics and the Muslim Woman, 1985
Document 23.5: Mexican Zapatista Feminists: Indigenous Women's Petition, March 1, 1994 and The Women's Revolutionary Law, January 1, 1994
Using the Evidence: Voices of Global Feminism
Chapter 23: Considering the Evidence Documents Quiz
Considering the Evidence Visual Sources: Experiencing Globalization
Visual Source 23.1: Globalization and Work
Visual Source 23.2: Globalization and Consumerism
Visual Source 23.3: Globalization and Protest
Visual Source 23.4: Globalization: One World or Many?
Using the Evidence: Experiencing Globalization
Chapter 23: Considering the Evidence Visual Sources Quiz
Chapter 23 Summative Quiz
Chapter 23 Wrap Up
Step One
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Step Three
Preface
Notes
Copyright Page
Acknowledgments
About the Author
AP Preface