pastoralism, 458–65

Modun, 463

Xiongnu, 463

Turks, 463–65

Almoravid Empire, 465

Temujin / Chinggis Khan, 467–69

the Mongol world war, 469–72

Yuan dynasty China, 473–75

Khubilai Khan, 474–75

Hulegu, 475

Khutulun, 477

Kipchak Khanate / Golden Horde, 478–80

Black Death / plague, 483–85