The graphic organizers in Figures 19.1, 19.2, and 19.3 show the basic organization of three types of causal-analysis essays. (For more on creating a graphic organizer, see Chapter 3.)

All three types of causal analyses include an introduction (which identifies the event, provides background information, and states a thesis) as well as a conclusion. Notice in Figures 19.2, and 19.3 that causes are presented before effects. Although this is the typical arrangement, writers sometimes use the reverse organization, discussing effects first and then causes to create a sense of drama or surprise.