ANSWERS TO EVEN-NUMBERED EXERCISES IN HANDBOOK

image

SECTION 3

EXERCISE 3.1

Possible Revisions

2. In the United States, for example, colleges and universities provide education to Americans of all classes and backgrounds.

4. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, graduates of state universities played a key role in America’s development as an industrial and economic power.

6. Federal funding from the 1944 GI Bill made it possible for millions of returning veterans to attend college.

8. Now, about two-thirds of high school graduates will attend college because those with bachelor’s degrees earn $20,000 more a year on average than do people with only high school diplomas.

10. However, as education costs continue to rise, some wonder whether a traditional four-year college is always worth the expense.

SECTION 4

EXERCISE 4.1

Possible Revisions

2. Shopping through online bookstores is convenient, but some people miss the atmosphere of a traditional bookstore.

4. In the 1960s some Americans treated Vietnam veterans disrespectfully, a situation that has changed dramatically since that time.

6. With large bodies and tiny wings, bumblebees have long been a puzzle. How do they fly?

8. The Supreme Court often makes controversial decisions because the justices must decide how to interpret the Constitution.

10. Restoring a painting is, indeed, delicate work, and too much enthusiasm can be dangerous.

SECTION 5

EXERCISE 5.1

Answers

2. A student in most non-English-speaking industrialized nations expects to spend six or more years studying English.

4. Working for laws that require all Americans to speak English is a fairly common U.S. political tactic.

6. Some linguists joke that a person who speaks two languages is called “bilingual,” while a person who speaks one language is called “American.”

8. Correct

10. Everyone who studies a foreign language is likely to benefit.

SECTION 6

EXERCISE 6.1

Answers

2. Cuba, an island that lies ninety miles off the Florida coast, provided them with an excuse to do so.

4. In addition, many people in the United States had wanted to take over Spain’s territories for a long time.

6. Cuba was allowed to take control of its own affairs right away.

8. Correct

10. Many Puerto Ricans are worried that statehood would destroy the native culture of their island, and none of them wants that to happen.

SECTION 7

EXERCISE 7.1

Possible Revisions

2. Because of the importance of the information, it often must be transmitted secretly.

4. “Invisible ink,” which cannot be seen until the paper is heated, was once a popular way to communicate secretly.

6. During World War II, U.S. government code specialists hired Navajo Indians because Navajo is a difficult and little-studied language.

8. Because these cryptograms are so simple, they are no longer used to transmit messages.

10. Alan Turing, a British civil servant and mathematical genius, finally solved the Enigma code.

EXERCISE 7.2

Answers

2. A team of researchers might disagree on their conclusions about the disappearance of the dinosaur.

4. In one way, animals resemble plants: Some are “weeds” because they have the ability to thrive under many conditions.

6. When a “weed” and a delicate native species compete for their survival, the native species usually loses.

8. People should be more concerned about the extinction of plants and animals than they seem to be.

10. The earth has experienced several mass extinctions in its history, but another would take its toll on the quality of human life.

EXERCISE 7.3

Answers

2. Correct

4. Following the success of Mammoth Cave, many Kentucky cavers hoped to make a fortune from their spelunking.

6. In January 1925, a falling rock trapped Collins, who was spelunking in a narrow passage in Sand Cave.

8. For several days, the most famous man in Kentucky was he. [Or: For several days, he was the most famous man in Kentucky.]

10. Their failing to save Collins was a terrible tragedy for his family and the rescuers.

SECTION 8

EXERCISE 8.1

Possible Revisions

2. We wondered whether our professor knew of the new theory and whether she agreed with it.

4. Most parents think they have a major influence on their children’s behavior.

6. Children strongly desire peer acceptance, and they want to be different from adults.

8. Most adults recall that, in childhood, their friends’ opinions were extremely important to them.

10. Anxious parents would be greatly relieved if this hypothesis were proven.

EXERCISE 8.3

Possible Revisions

2. Surveys show that college graduates who intern receive higher salary offers than their classmates who do not.

4. The most important qualities are curiosity and a good work ethic.

6. Some companies provide little guidance so interns do not learn much from the experience.

8. Correct

10. Some worry that strict federal guidelines will cause companies to eliminate internship programs rather than risk any legal problems.

SECTION 9

EXERCISE 9.1

Answers

2. Wikipedia has many advantages that reflect well on it as a source.

4. In a way, encyclopedias are unique because Web sites can grow to include any subject that anyone finds interesting.

6. The site has some real downsides too.

8. Many teachers and professors don’t allow students to use Wikipedia for research.

10. If they choose to use the site, students should make it clear to their professors that they have researched their subjects thoroughly.

SECTION 10

EXERCISE 10.1

Possible Revisions

2. So far, no proof of the existence of life forms on other planets has been found.

4. Astronomers carefully monitor signals coming from other parts of the solar system.

6. Most of the signals received so far have been caused by cell phone and satellite interference.

8. The message, containing information about earth, is on its way to other parts of our galaxy.

10. A signal sent to earth would take a similarly long time to reach us.

SECTION 11

EXERCISE 11.1

Answers

2. Correct

4. Czar Nicholas and his wife Alexandra often saw their little boy in terrible pain.

SECTION 12

EXERCISE 12.1

Answers

2. The city of New York bought the land where the Seneca villagers lived.

4. Household items from Seneca Village still turn up in Central Park today, and a museum exhibit was recently devoted to life in the long-gone settlement.

6. James Weeks, an early resident, owned much of the land.

8. His daughter, Susan Smith McKinney-Steward, was born in Weeksville and was the valedictorian of New York Medical College in 1870.

10. Correct

SECTION 13

EXERCISE 13.1

Answers

2. Silent versions of the vampire tale include Les Vampires (1915), a French film; Nosferatu (1921), a German film; and London After Midnight (1927), an American film.

4. The vampire tale has several standard traits, yet it remains remarkably versatile.

6. The popular Blacula (1972), which recast the vampire as an African prince in 1970s Los Angeles, inspired a series of black-themed “blaxploitation” horror movies.

8. In the late 1990s, Buffy the Vampire Slayer was revived as a popular TV series starring Sarah Michelle Gellar.

10. Perhaps vampires do live forever if only in books and on screen.

SECTION 14

EXERCISE 14.1

Answers

2. The proposed zoning change was defeated by a margin of 2:1.

4. Correct

6. Correct

8. The neon lights gleamed above stores and in diner windows.

10. Some music historians claim that the American songwriting tradition reached its peak in the 1930s.

SECTION 15

EXERCISE 15.1

Answers

2. Why did the professor assign “To an Athlete Dying Young”?

4. After September 11, 2001, President Bush said he was going to “fight terror.”

6. “Come live with me and be my love,” pleads the speaker in Marlowe’s poem.

8. It turned out that the pianist could play only “Chopsticks.”

10. Our waitress announced, “The special is prime rib”; unfortunately, we are vegetarians.

SECTION 16

EXERCISE 16.1

Answers

2. “Halle Berry was the first African American woman to win the Academy Award for Best Actress.”

4. “[P]eople of all classes receive financial help from the government.”

6. “Zora Neale Hurston’s collections of folklore proved to be very valuable.”

8. “Folic acid . . . can help prevent certain birth defects.”

10. “She wrote rather doubtful grammar sometimes, and in her verses took . . . liberties with the metre” (Thackeray 136–37).

SECTION 17

EXERCISE 17.1

Answers

2. We probably know more about the day-to-day lives of others than ever before, as the details of our many friends’ days are recorded in online status reports.

4. Today’s parents can find out about their sons and daughters’ personal lives online, but they have less face-to-face contact with their children.

SECTION 18

EXERCISE 18.1

Answers

2. Correct

4. The invention of anesthesia made possible many advances in medicine (including lengthy surgery).

SECTION 19

EXERCISE 19.1

Answers

2. Some foods were once popular, but today hardly anyone has heard of them.

4. In the 1960s, frozen foods — icy blocks of corn, peas, and string beans — were popular and convenient alternatives to fresh produce.

SECTION 21

EXERCISE 21.1

Answers

2. The average American woman is five feet four inches tall.

4. The Great Depression began with the stock-market crash on Black Monday.

SECTION 22

EXERCISE 22.1

Answers

2. The estimated cost was too low by $87.14.

4. All traffic stopped as a ninety-car train went slowly past.

SECTION 23

EXERCISE 23.1

Answers

2. His professor insisted that TV Guide was not an acceptable research source.

4. The first European settlers at Plymouth arrived on the Mayflower.

SECTION 24

EXERCISE 24.1

Answers

2. For many self-conscious teens and young adults, surgery seems to be the perfect solution.

4. But as more adults pay for nose jobs and tummy tucks, more teens are expressing interest.

SECTION 26

EXERCISE 26.1

Answers

2. The

4. The; the; the

SECTION 27

EXERCISE 27.1

Answers

2. Now, for every two men who receive a college degree, three women earn the same academic credential.

4. As of 2010, women have become a majority of the U.S. work force for the first time in history.

EXERCISE 27.2

Answers

2. may or might

4. will, may, or might

EXERCISE 27.3

Answers

2. Until recently, scientists didn’t expect to find evidence of human inhabitants older than 11,000 years, the age of stone tools found in Clovis, New Mexico, in the 1930s.

4. Correct

SECTION 28

EXERCISE 28.1

Answers

2. in

4. in; on

SECTION 29

EXERCISE 29.1

Answers

2. He was also responsible for declaring war on the sea god Neptune.

4. The emperor’s notorious temper led to the deaths of those unfortunate Romans who angered him.

SECTION 30

EXERCISE 30.1

Answers

2. Correct

4. At the cave entrance at dusk, the bats provide a spectacular show to curious onlookers. [Or: At the cave entrance at dusk, the bats provide curious onlookers with a spectacular show.]

EXERCISE 30.2

Answers

2. Early laws, which were sometimes discriminatory, restricted immigrants from certain countries.

4. Some Americans who want to limit immigration fear that new arrivals will compete for scarce jobs.

EXERCISE 30.3

Answers

2. A simple explanation for a sighting is seldom difficult to find.

4. Correct