Concepts and Vocabulary
The graph of every exponential function \(f( x) =a^{x}\), \(a>0\) and \(a\neq 1\), passes through three points: _____, _____, and _____.
True or False The graph of the exponential function \(f( x) =\left( \dfrac{3}{2}\!\right) ^{\!\!\!x}\) is decreasing.
If \(3^{x}=3^{4}\), then \(x=\) _____.
If \(4^{x}=8^{2}\) then \(x=\) _____.
True or False The graphs of \(y=3^{x}\) and \(y=\left( \dfrac{1}{3}\!\right) ^{\!\!\!x}\) are symmetric with respect to the line \(y=x\).
True or False The range of the exponential function \( f(x) = a^{x}\), \(a>0\) and \(a\neq 1\), is the set of all real numbers.
The number \(e\) is defined as the base of the exponential function \(f\) whose tangent line to the graph of \(f\) at the point \( ( 0,1) \) has slope _____.
The domain of the logarithmic function \(f( x) =\log _{a}x\) is _____.
The graph of every logarithmic function \(f( x) =\log _{a}x\), \(a>0\) and \(a\neq 1\), passes through three points: _____, _____, and _____.
Multiple Choice The graph of \(f( x) =\log _{2}x\) is [(a) increasing, (b) decreasing, (c) neither].
True or False If \(y=\log _{a}x\), then \(y=a^{x}.\)
True or False The graph of \(f( x) =\log _{a}x\), \(a>0\) and \(a\neq 1\), has an \(x\)-intercept equal to \(1\) and no \(y\) -intercept.
True or False \(\ln e^{x}=x\) for all real numbers.
\(\ln e\)= _____.
Explain what the number \(e\) is.
What is the \(x\)-intercept of the function \(h( x) =\ln ( x+1) ?\)
Practice Problems
Suppose that \(g( x) =4^{x}+2\).
Suppose that \(g( x) =5^{x}-3\).
In Problems 19–24, the graph of an exponential function is given. Match each graph to one of the following functions:
In Problems 25–30, use transformations to graph each function. Find the domain and range.
\(f( x) =2^{x+2}\)
\(f( x) =1-2^{-x/3}\)
\(f( x) =4\left( \dfrac{1}{3}\!\right) ^{\!\!\!x} \)
\(f( x) =\left( \dfrac{1}{2}\!\right) ^{\!\!\!-x}+1\)
\(f( x) =e^{-x}\)
\(f( x) =5-e^{x}\)
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In Problems 31–34, find the domain of each function.
\(F( x) =\log _{2}x^{2}\)
\(g( x) =8+5\ln ( 2x+3)\)
\(f( x) =\ln ( x-1)\)
\(g( x) = \sqrt{\ln x}\)
In Problems 35–40, the graph of a logarithmic function is given. Match each graph to one of the following functions:
In Problems 41–44, use the given function f to:
\(f( x) =\ln ( x+4)\)
\(f( x) =\dfrac{1}{2}\log ( 2x)\)
\(f( x) =3e^{x}+2\)
\(f( x) =2^{x/3}+4\)
How does the transformation \(y=\ln ( x+c) \), \(c>0\), affect the \(x\)-intercept of the graph of the function \(f( x) =\ln x?\)
How does the transformation \(y=e^{cx}\), \(c>0\), affect the \(y\)-intercept of the graph of the function \(f( x) =e^{x}?\)
In Problems 47–62, solve each equation.
\(3^{x^{2}}=9^{x}\)
\(5^{x^{2}+8}=125^{2x}\)
\(e^{3x}=\dfrac{e^{2}}{e^{x}}\)
\(e^{4x}\cdot e^{x^{2}}=e^{12}\)
\(e^{1-2x}=4\)
\(e^{1-x}=5\)
\(5(2^{3x}) =9\)
\(0.3(4^{0.2x}) =0.2\)
\(3^{1-2x}=4^{x}\)
\(2^{x+1}=5^{1-2x}\)
\(\log _{2}(2x+1) =3\)
\(\log _{3}( 3x-2) =2\)
\(\log _{x}\left( \dfrac{1}{8}\!\right) =3\)
\(\log _{x}64=-3\)
\(\ln ( 2x+3) =2\ln 3\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2}\log_{3}x=2\log _{3}2\)
In Problems 63–66, use graphing technology to solve each equation. Express your answer rounded to three decimal places.
\(\log _{5}( x+1) -\log _{4}( x-2) =1\)
\(\ln x=x\)
\(e^{x}+\ln x=4\)
\(e^{x}=x^{2}\)