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1820	Missouri Compromise.
1846	Wilmot Proviso introduced.
1847	Wilmot Proviso defeated in Senate. “Popular sovereignty” compromise offered.
1848	Free-Soil Party founded. Zachary Taylor elected president.
1849	California gold rush.
1850	Taylor dies; Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes president. Compromise of 1850 becomes law.
1852	Uncle Tom’s Cabin published. Franklin Pierce elected president.
1853	Gadsden Purchase.
1854	American (Know-Nothing) Party emerges. Kansas-Nebraska Act. Republican Party founded.
1856	“Bleeding Kansas.” “Sack of Lawrence.” Pottawatomie massacre. James Buchanan elected president.
1857	Dred Scott decision. Congress rejects Lecompton constitution. Panic of 1857.
1858	Lincoln-Douglas debates; Douglas wins Senate seat.
1859	John Brown raids Harpers Ferry.
1860	Abraham Lincoln elected president. South Carolina secedes from Union.
1861	Six other Lower South states secede. Confederate States of America formed.