M4 Numbers

Conventions for the treatment of numbers vary widely. In the humanities, writers tend to spell out numbers (one out of ten), but in the sciences and social sciences, writers are far more likely to use numerals (1 out of 10).

M4-a Spell out select types of numbers in most nonscientific college writing.

Spell out whole numbers one through ninety-nine.

image

Note: Depending on the type of writing that you do and the conventions of your field, you may decide to spell out only numerals up to ten. Choose a rule and follow it consistently.

If two numbers occur in succession, use a combination of spelled-out words and numerals for clarity.

eight 45-cent stamps ten 3-year-olds

Spell out a number that begins a sentence, or rewrite so that the number is no longer the first word.

image

H-77

Spell out very large round numbers, or use a combination of numerals and words.

3.5 million dollars or $3.5 million nearly 14 million
five thousand a billion

M4-b Use numerals for numbers over a hundred, in fractions and percentages, with abbreviations and symbols, in dates and addresses, and for page numbers and sections of books.

289 cards 1/2 18.5 99%
73 percent 5 a.m. 10:30 p.m. 3 cm
185 lb $200 May 6, 2012 175 Fifth Avenue
page 44 part 5 chapter 2 volume 8

image

Note: Depending on the style guide you are using, either the word percent or the % symbol will be required. Whichever you choose, use it consistently throughout a paper.