Organize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 2

Source Links:

Source 2.1 The Law Code of Hammurabi

Source 2.2A The Standard of Ur, Peace Panel

Source 2.2B The Standard of Ur, War Panel

Source 2.3 Be a Scribe

Source 2.4 Tomb of Menna

Source 2.5 The Book of Songs

Source 2.6 Bronze Gui

The following exercises provide an opportunity to use the sources collectively to respond to a guiding question.

Guiding Question

Based on these sources, what features of the First Civilizations distinguish them from earlier Paleolithic and Neolithic communities?

Instructions

Below are five topics that might find a place in organizing an essay responding to the guiding question. This exercise asks you to identify which sources would provide relevant evidence for that topic. Select the best answers for each question. Choose ALL that apply.

Click the “submit” button for each question to turn in your work.

  1. Question 2.31

    Which of the sources provide specific evidence relating to relative status of different social groups in First Civilizations? Choose ALL that apply.
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== A. Source 2.1: The Law Code of Hammurabi
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== B. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== C. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe”
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== D. Source 2.4: Menna Tomb Painting
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== E. Source 2.5: The Book of Songs
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== F. Source 2.6: Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel: Bronze Gui
    Correct: Source 2.1: Many laws in the code distinguish between elites, commoners, and slaves. Source 2.2: The “peace” side of the Standard depicts elites at the top and commoners along the lower tiers of the image. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe” describes in some detail a number of professions in society and compares them to the elite profession of a scribe. Source 2.4: The Menna Tomb Painting depicts commoners and an elite scribe overseeing their work. Source 2.5: In this selection of poems, one can identify the perspectives of peasants, soldiers, and imperial officials among others. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel sheds little light on the social hierarchy in China.
    Incorrect: Source 2.1: Many laws in the code distinguish between elites, commoners, and slaves. Source 2.2: The “peace” side of the Standard depicts elites at the top and commoners along the lower tiers of the image. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe” describes in some detail a number of professions in society and compares them to the elite profession of a scribe. Source 2.4: The Menna Tomb Painting depicts commoners and an elite scribe overseeing their work. Source 2.5: In this selection of poems, one can identify the perspectives of peasants, soldiers, and imperial officials among others. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel sheds little light on the social hierarchy in China.

  2. Question 2.32

    Which of the sources shed light directly on the practice of patriarchy or the viewpoints of women in First Civilizations? Choose ALL that apply.
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== A. Source 2.1: The Law Code of Hammurabi
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== B. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== C. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe”
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== D. Source 2.4: Menna Tomb Painting
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== E. Source 2.5: The Book of Songs
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== F. Source 2.6: Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel
    Correct: Source 2.1: A number of laws in Hammurabi’s code deal with the status and treatment of women in Mesopotamia. Source 2.5: Selection E expresses the viewpoint of a woman whose husband has discarded her in favor of a new wife. Source 2.2: While the complete absence of women from this work of art indirectly speaks to the marginal place of women in society, the source offers no specific insights concerning the nature of patriarchy or the role of women in society. Source 2.3: While the complete absence of women from this source indirectly speaks to the marginal place of women in society, it does not directly address the practice of patriarchy or the viewpoints of women. Source 2.4: While two girls are depicted in this painting, it casts little light on the practice of patriarchy in Egypt or the viewpoints of women. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel casts light on Chinese conceptions of family and ancestors, but not on patriarchy or the viewpoints of women.
    Incorrect: Source 2.1: A number of laws in Hammurabi’s code deal with the status and treatment of women in Mesopotamia. Source 2.5: Selection E expresses the viewpoint of a woman whose husband has discarded her in favor of a new wife. Source 2.2: While the complete absence of women from this work of art indirectly speaks to the marginal place of women in society, the source offers no specific insights concerning the nature of patriarchy or the role of women in society. Source 2.3: While the complete absence of women from this source indirectly speaks to the marginal place of women in society, it does not directly address the practice of patriarchy or the viewpoints of women. Source 2.4: While two girls are depicted in this painting, it casts little light on the practice of patriarchy in Egypt or the viewpoints of women. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel casts light on Chinese conceptions of family and ancestors, but not on patriarchy or the viewpoints of women.

  3. Question 2.33

    Which of the sources provide evidence related to war in First Civilizations? Choose ALL that apply.
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== A. Source 2.1: The Law Code of Hammurabi
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== B. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== C. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe”
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== D. Source 2.4: Menna Tomb Painting
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== E. Source 2.5: The Book of Songs
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== F. Source 2.6: Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel
    Correct: Source 2.1: Law 26 in the “On the Economy” section deals with the hiring of a replacement if one is ordered to go to war. Source 2.2: The top register of the “war side” of the Standard depicts the king at the head of his warriors, his chariot, and defeated war captives. The middle register depicts a battle scene and more prisoners, while the bottom register presents war chariots trampling the defeated enemy. Source 2.3: This source describes the lives of soldiers forced to endure difficult and dangerous conditions far away from their families. Source 2.5: This source includes a poem from the perspective of common soldiers lamenting the hardships of a soldier’s life. Source 2.4: This source depicts the harvesting of crops, not war. Source 2.6: While Mei Situ Yi was a soldier by profession, the bronze vessel from his tomb tells us little about war during the period of First Civilizations.
    Incorrect: Source 2.1: Law 26 in the “On the Economy” section deals with the hiring of a replacement if one is ordered to go to war. Source 2.2: The top register of the “war side” of the Standard depicts the king at the head of his warriors, his chariot, and defeated war captives. The middle register depicts a battle scene and more prisoners, while the bottom register presents war chariots trampling the defeated enemy. Source 2.3: This source describes the lives of soldiers forced to endure difficult and dangerous conditions far away from their families. Source 2.5: This source includes a poem from the perspective of common soldiers lamenting the hardships of a soldier’s life. Source 2.4: This source depicts the harvesting of crops, not war. Source 2.6: While Mei Situ Yi was a soldier by profession, the bronze vessel from his tomb tells us little about war during the period of First Civilizations.

  4. Question 2.34

    Which of the sources provide evidence related to the role of the state or state officials? Choose ALL that apply.
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== A. Source 2.1: The Law Code of Hammurabi
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== B. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== C. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe”
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== D. Source 2.4: Menna Tomb Painting
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== E. Source 2.5: The Book of Songs
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== F. Source 2.6: Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel
    Correct: Source 2.1: This law code regulated many aspects of people’s lives and included a law about the punishment of unjust judges. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur depicts the king, his soldiers, and his courtiers. Source 2.3: This source compares the job of royal official to many others in society. Source 2.4: This source depicts a bureaucrat at work bringing in the harvest. Source 2.5: Selection B details the burdens of a low-level bureaucrat. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel offers little insight concerning the state.
    Incorrect: Source 2.1: This law code regulated many aspects of people’s lives and included a law about the punishment of unjust judges. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur depicts the king, his soldiers, and his courtiers. Source 2.3: This source compares the job of royal official to many others in society. Source 2.4: This source depicts a bureaucrat at work bringing in the harvest. Source 2.5: Selection B details the burdens of a low-level bureaucrat. Source 2.6: This ritual vessel offers little insight concerning the state.

  5. Question 2.35

    Which of the sources provide evidence related to writing in First Civilizations? Choose ALL that apply.
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== A. Source 2.1: The Law Code of Hammurabi
    ExJKRUbmSsFQHkA5L0A/ngVPDmUEiZDq0lIehMfKV3dxK3P5s3DUP2xX/5SSZ4d+kukozoxy5dk4abKVgk7WBzXOiH6A/9WGwpxvMraidMJsTNn31yVGw4yADRsGQS7Ybj33uw== B. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== C. Source 2.3: “Be a Scribe”
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== D. Source 2.4: Menna Tomb Painting
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== E. Source 2.5: The Book of Songs
    1eoMUwqbGSN43LoGFk2KBbM7WtI6+uSIktnd1sVdxvuj+OCzqkVsxoAwO6MNpn1bh0PLfQ1dI7y4rziHwMhGcQJm9GRWGbL2E3zjWe8M25PiQY2ik5MLBrRmXT/EXVaQeSPSNA== F. Source 2.6: Chinese Zhou Ritual Vessel
    Correct: Source 2.1: This written law code provides evidence of how writing was used to codify and publicize the law. Source 2.3: This source is written and concerns itself with the teaching of writing to scribes. Source 2.4: The hieroglyphs surrounding Menna reveal how writing was used to commemorate the dead. Source 2.5: These poems reveal how writing was used to compile a collection of oral folk traditions. Source 2.6: The inscription on this ritual vessel reveals how writing was used to dedicate such items to the memory of a specific ancestor. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur includes no writing, instead relying exclusively on artistic renderings.
    Incorrect: Source 2.1: This written law code provides evidence of how writing was used to codify and publicize the law. Source 2.3: This source is written and concerns itself with the teaching of writing to scribes. Source 2.4: The hieroglyphs surrounding Menna reveal how writing was used to commemorate the dead. Source 2.5: These poems reveal how writing was used to compile a collection of oral folk traditions. Source 2.6: The inscription on this ritual vessel reveals how writing was used to dedicate such items to the memory of a specific ancestor. Source 2.2: The Standard of Ur includes no writing, instead relying exclusively on artistic renderings.