PROBLEMS

Question 15.1

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Question 15.2

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Question 15.3

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Question 15.4

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Question 15.5

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Question 15.6

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Question 15.7

ym3AETegWtmb/cwWU/80L8zZxppHLOfnVPR1pgQgT4xGtTZb6h6gDL5ePEexI0mQvhVdU12TAUVmCVxfiwaJqflehDY+ft9b0QReWs3RI3JC/esI76cjgC4PyBZA0jMtZt0UuIdn0LNJXm412wiun1PhpTQA7e0/eTykuXZaBaVUbkoH62WkBSmgHg1tYLW/DgqRmGZ7wxAbDRxcyEID2KDS0G9LH668jhFN3KFDYM4Lk/0PP8n6qw==

Question 15.8

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Question 15.9

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Question 15.10

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Question 15.11

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Question 15.12

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Question 15.13

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

Question 15.14

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

Question 15.15

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Question 15.16

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Question 15.17

8Kf7KvHhtGtepXQCDk2j/zizRBzR8ttVGFftjV8PGzkKzw7iLPakjveGo6DwzLPdrat4qjUd8Xm90qzL+VcdEIMfXl/iRzfiVGJkWDBco9DOeJebXY8U5PmHSD8UegYqTXRjBasAd2lt8UbsPwx601eodT5W0+r45V2MVSInnCfQAYF0gxftwpPz3Thir5VUErhGeIdJlJNb+J26vnxEVgEqrCrsYnBKu4Rvv68hHd36hFbcVqhsDf/YApEToWCC/Vs2ziFzLJXU+H0xu0TA5FbinKXZ4MvSfHyGhH2HCDVJTkrHXjTZp1pI3jW6ikO1+myILu2PC7DwVTqZDCvdtXztxwuhmaXz9qeEZqKJQh2wduon85de0Qruv5VWoXwusILbbieB4Pjo3YUxw2KblLavMyWNwMp6WHZ255rM8RjchHHZsr8ZKQ==

278

Question 15.18

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Question 15.19

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Question 15.20

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Question 15.21

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

Question 15.22

sNyKD+3v+ugL3Iln61OIo2aX6ld1a1xI9X3hDOmew1JHQQvCUYwYYUAD121xXGzN6pSxn/EjQeDni86eKPzjtuCcOLXcrlGYXlUELDDkquNV96vr8JJEm+VJOvs1lK55rX8EPJI8RHSHtfdajl2LwvvV+ythoWTBSfMrRg6n9g3fa/ytbA5SDPjd/3eHbZKxD4LUikY+A0kTbvwnApwLn03jWtsiv182hs6yMHP809aLzhdIo8TXUT4vuP8TtFZT5fPDX0GkEkQD+Qx2N7yXUULn/otgDD7wesHnRimGHo3uafRRTbgcCDQtq846MM+adYkpxBxCPVpV5Qd2rWLT6HkIA1ah+u12Hd+IdAheLe66H1Mm1zGqmXwytR6SAlff9aQCWg163RSaAueKiiXu1V0Ar8ZHTPCeu6GXoPrqFR3c+u7LJRtyofous60=

Chapter Integration Problems

Question 15.23

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Question 15.24

xtJTh28rmF6QLgwfFVgl8IKm8l5bSDKH1/g7d4SKMY1AX19fgSr6yIyFQRUCQ0o19LJ8qjw91nPIqylk6IFNFFWzBa+hLnLay00dJYp9m06LMUsT2d5V1P8qOigLUJQbafvVa2XCLs2rNHjLksUdWBPElieM1rMdHPC0X6x+6ZKt/yvAL/zxkKaTjEP9OmHtpyZdZRvE7TlZoPJIcYkO9MydIjkxIPuriJpY4rTId4f58DXoF6i15ekpgUS/o1D/M64oRVBzMj2y8LCbWxHONkK75nnpN0PMknK9GVt7Nlvz/KqWuykXN3H5t52+27Ynd9Qr+ySqmsWkHOcVsLrz1BMtUO54TeguS6ALZXmxfhciNtBj

Chapter Integration and Challenge Problems

Question 15.25

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

Question 15.26

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

Data Interpretation and Challenge Problem

Question 15.27

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

Challenge Problems

Question 15.28

Du0LxnDQdzayooW3uHdUZwCE5R9M1hLQxwXKA48Xjqmde8UNw1fsSXNrjCqM2cl8X0QB/lsnbALxY8AJA3mVIxUTMB1/StZHqHkdTbNr9q1g7DSviW5Gm5pV8sfBWISieCNQmvHCLrkS+O7iEGEMCNf4w4x7P99kj5V+D9rQTFMlHDeix8EC1HSaoRd+7aDRajxB5BJA/YtFVHMYlEM/KMNxEhVg7RmcUY9INuxjNQcddjBEeSFWx7ePgCm7dfUeL+bY7KDrEvv9PtLi8wde2lIhKEjgk1to+fGBBA02Z+jpHB5xQXd3DNWFUORKTR2FoXR9UYUSb+BJ+soFn+x8ri3N+61pJOsrfYfs2cNpxaWH9iXgJMcsLSgazFLXp7NOyiqTBDICujJsiodCF59BmPpszy8ECEkqbnkp1RgBmOv6Y4RHfiMk+KWPIBcilWeZ5+up2w==

Question 15.29

Ak/42AIX3GzdvCoJ6IYIK0uhshMnlTy3zNXL022RJi4lVgnEZBfat+DBdBaO6Ix8KoA21wFB5s30wIzcFQ2RkhAIiDDTXepZpO3hjch4hfr5KBJxxhbRh0TNXfVd3dTmkdVjDImyanhSU9sgN2/8GZEAqBi5dUpsH2t4cAe8t3qVntH7CPf2ZXE0qiVB1wymXu6iu1FYjxHXw6bs+akIim3fralTHWZOrnEQZv17ofQQb3JYw+FWRU3zfQbKh4LM1EQmygLsirjdQaLPzhzTz81IE1tEeFS+awSwfWtEAkPTV3w7PMRc5LouqEfTUjb2bEBDyz8gNsDtKrlX

Question 15.30

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

Question 15.31

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

Question 15.32

Not all alike. The concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi differ with cell type. Consequently, the release of free energy with the hydrolysis of ATP will vary with cell type. Use the following table to calculate the ΔG° for the hydrolysis of ATP in liver, muscle, and brain cells. In which cell type is the free energy of ATP hydrolysis most negative? ✓ 4

 

ATP (mM)

ADP (mM)

Pi (mM)

Liver

3.5

1.8

5.0

Muscle

8.0

0.9

8.0

Brain

2.6

0.7

2.7

46O/GvlXlao=
Not all alike. The concentrations of ATP, ADP, and P i differ with cell type. Consequently, the release of free energy with the hydrolysis of ATP will vary with cell type. Use the following table to calculate the Δ G ° for the hydrolysis of ATP in liver, muscle, and brain cells. In which cell type is the free energy of ATP hydrolysis most negative? ✓ 4

Selected Readings for this chapter can be found online at www.whfreeman.com/tymoczko3e.

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