Chapter 1
The Earth System 3
Chapter 2
Plate Tectonics: The Unifying Theory 27
Chapter 3
Earth Materials: Minerals and Rocks 57
Chapter 4
Igneous Rocks: Solids from Melts 91
Chapter 5
Sedimentation: Rocks Formed by Surface Processes 115
Chapter 6
Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure 149
Chapter 7
Deformation: Modification of Rocks by Folding and Fracturing 171
Chapter 8
Clocks in Rocks: Timing the Geologic Record 195
Chapter 9
Early History of the Terrestrial Planets 221
Chapter 10
History of the Continents 253
Chapter 11
Geobiology: Life Interacts with Earth 283
Chapter 12
Volcanoes 313
Chapter 13
Earthquakes 347
Chapter 14
Exploring Earth’s Interior 383
682
Chapter 15
The Climate System 407
Chapter 16
Weathering, Erosion, and Mass Wasting: Interactions Between the Climate and Plate Tectonic Systems 435
Chapter 17
The Hydrologic Cycle and Groundwater 466
Chapter 18
Stream Transport: From Mountains to Oceans 499
Chapter 19
Winds and Deserts 529
Chapter 20
Coastlines and Ocean Basins 551
Chapter 21
Glaciers: The Work of Ice 587
Chapter 22
Landscape Development 617
Chapter 23
The Human Impact on Earth’s Environment 641
Appendix 1 Conversion Factors AP—1
Appendix 2 Numerical Data Pertaining to Earth AP—2
Appendix 3 Chemical Reactions AP—3
Appendix 4 Properties of the Most Common Minerals of Earth’s Crust AP—5
Appendix 5 Practicing Geology Exercises: Answers to Problems AP—9
Glossary GL—1
Index I—1
683