Figure 4-8: Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) Observing This contemporary illustration shows Tycho Brahe with some of the state-of-the-art measuring apparatus at Uraniborg, one of the two observatories that he built under the patronage of Frederik II of Denmark. (This magnificent observatory lacked a telescope, which had not yet been invented.) The data that Tycho collected were crucial to the development of astronomy in the years after his death.

(Detlev van Ravenswaay/Science Source)