Correct. The answer is D. The justices’ opinion revealed their belief that even if every tangible factor were equal for children in white schools and children in black schools—including quality teachers, budgets, books, and so on—the process of segregating black children from white children created inequality by instilling in them a sense of inferiority and unworthiness.

Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The justices’ opinion revealed their belief that even if every tangible factor were equal for children in white schools and children in black schools—including quality teachers, budgets, books, and so on—the process of segregating black children from white children created inequality by instilling in them a sense of inferiority and unworthiness.

Correct. The answer is B. The crux of the signers’ argument was that the Supreme Court had interpreted the Constitution—which made no provision for or mention of education—too broadly and, in doing so, encroached on the rights of the states to educate their citizens as they saw fit.

Incorrect. The correct answer is B. The crux of the signers’ argument was that the Supreme Court had interpreted the Constitution—which made no provision for or mention of education—too broadly and, in doing so, encroached on the rights of the states to educate their citizens as they saw fit.

Correct. The answer is D. The Oak Ridge athlete’s statement reveals that he had more opportunities at the integrated school, but that he was still subject to discriminatory attitudes and treatment in school sports. School desegregation was not enough to protect black children from the negative effects of discrimination.

Incorrect. The correct answer is D. The Oak Ridge athlete’s statement reveals that he had more opportunities at the integrated school, but that he was still subject to discriminatory attitudes and treatment in school sports. School desegregation alone was not sufficient to protect black children from the negative effects of discrimination.

Correct. The answer is C. The reminiscence in Document 4 reveals that, through personal interaction with black students, some whites began to change their racist assumptions and attitudes.

Incorrect. The correct answer is C. The reminiscence in Document 4 reveals that, through personal interaction with black students, some whites began to change their racist assumptions and attitudes.

Correct. The answer is A. Documents 3, 4, and 5 indicate that black students who went to previously all-white schools did benefit from greater academic and athletic opportunities and that, in some cases, their presence shifted white individuals’ attitudes. But the documents also show that racist attitudes toward and treatment of black students by whites persisted long after 1954 and that black students suffered personally as a result of it.

Incorrect. The correct answer is A. Documents 3, 4, and 5 indicate that black students who went to previously all-white schools did benefit from greater academic and athletic opportunities and that, in some cases, their presence shifted white individuals’ attitudes. But the documents also show that racist attitudes toward and treatment of black students by whites persisted long after 1954 and that black students suffered personally as a result of it.