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magazines. See periodical articles
main clauses. See independent clause
main idea. See thesis
main verbs, 534, 550, 569–73
major premises, 173–74
man, mankind, 362, 756
manuscript format. See formatting
many, few, 563–64
maps, 270. See also visuals and media
margins, 266, 267–68. See also design; formatting
marking up drafts, 68–69, 71–75. See also annotating
may, as helping verb, 534, 570–72
may, can, 753
maybe, may be, 397, 756
me, I, 598, 603
meaning
clarifying, 355–56
reading for, 64, 128
measurement, units of, 739, 740
mechanical errors. See capital letters; italics; punctuation; quotations
media, 756
media. See multimodal text; visuals and media
medium of publication. See also visuals and media
adapting material for, 37, 66
for arguments, 182–83
in CSE references, 526
genre and, 34–36, 37
in MLA works cited, 412
online texts, 14–16, 20–22, 285–90
previewing, 126
print or digital, 124–25, 263
for public writing, 345, 346
reading critically, 124–25
reflecting on, 66
for research projects, 191–92
rhetorical situation and, 20–23, 34–37, 262–63
memorable prose, 678–83
antithesis, 681–82
emphatic sentences, 678–80
inverted word order, 682
for presentations, 274–76
Quick Help, 678–79
repetition, 681
strong verbs, 680–81
memos, 323–24, 339–40
metacognitive learning, 125
metaphors, 43–44, 176, 382–83
metric measurements, 739, 740
microblogs. See Twitter and microblogs
might, as helping verb, 534, 570–72
might of, could of, 753
minor premises, 173–74
misplaced modifiers, 648–49
missing words, 6, 634, 656–57
mixed metaphors, 383
mixed structures, 6, 654–55
MLA style, 402–50 The citation style guidelines issued by the Modern Language Association.
basics of, 402–4
citing sources without models, 412
explanatory notes, 403–4
integrating quotations, 233–34
in-
directory, 406
models for, 405–12
long quotations in, 234, 405, 714
manuscript format, 405
sample student research project, 441–50
signal phrases in, 405–6
source maps
articles from databases, 428–29
articles in print periodicals, 422–23
books, 418–19
works from Web sites, 432–33
student writing using, 88–92, 137–39, 155–57, 183–88, 223–24, 304–5, 441–50
verb tense in, 580
visuals, labeling, 405, 410–11, 439
works cited
directory to, 412–14
formatting, 411–12, 424
models for, 414–41
modal, 570, 571–73 A kind of helping verb that has only one form and shows possibility, necessity, or obligation: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, ought to.
modifier A word, phrase, or clause that acts as an adjective or an adverb, qualifying the meaning of another word, phrase, or clause.
absolute phrases, 555, 674–75
in complete predicate, 550
in complete subject, 548
dangling, 652–53
disruptive, 651
meaningless, 661
noun as, 616
placement of, 648–53
Quick Help, 649
regional, 613
money, numbers for, 741
months, abbreviating, 738
MOOCs, 68
mood, 586, 626–27 The form of a verb that indicates the writer’s attitude toward the idea expressed. The indicative mood states fact or opinion (I am happy); the imperative gives commands (Keep calm); and the subjunctive refers to a condition that does not exist (If I were rich . . . ).
moral, morale, 756
more, most, 614–15
moreover. See conjunctive adverb
most, more, 614–15
much. See indefinite pronoun
much, little, 563–64
multilingual writers. See also directory on p. 814
adjectives, 557, 614, 617–18
argument, 144, 171, 172
articles (a, an, the), 564–66, 657
capitalization, 733
clauses, 556–57
conditional sentences, 587–88
constructive criticism, 121
count and noncount nouns, 538, 562, 565–66
design, 266
determiners, 563–64
dictionaries, 388, 389
discourse, direct and indirect, 627–28
essay examinations, 334
exploring a topic, 46
gerunds, 554–55
idioms
in dictionary, 388
hundred, hundreds, 739
mastering, 382
prepositions in, 620–24
infinitives, 554–55
language
bringing in another, 38
for exploring ideas, 46
fancy, 379
global varieties of English, 370
for note-
mood, 587–88
noun clauses, 556–57
nouns and noun phrases, 562–66
adjectives with, 614
articles with, 564–66, 657
count and noncount nouns, 538, 562, 565–66
determiners with, 563–64
gerunds versus infinitives, 554–55
organizing information, 54
paragraphs, 98
participles, 617
peer reviews, 67, 72, 74, 252
phrases, adapting, 244–45
plagiarism, avoiding, 237, 244–45, 247
plurals, 614
predicates, 550–51
prepositions and prepositional phrases, 620–24
quotation marks, 715, 716
reading patterns, 266
reviewing a draft, 72, 74
sentences
conditional, 587–88
grammar of, 547
length of, 639
structure of, 244–45
topic, 98
shifts, in discourse, 627–28
sources, identifying, 237
spelling, 398
style, U.S. academic, 16–17
subjects, 549, 557
tense, 578–82
thesis, 49, 252
topic sentences, 98
transitions, 98
verbs and verb phrases, 569–73
helping (auxiliary) verbs, 570
infinitives versus gerunds, 554–55
intransitive verbs, 551
modals, 571–73
mood, 587–88
prepositional, 623
tense, 578–83
transitive verbs, 550–51
two-
word choice, 371, 379
word order, 561, 617–18
multimedia presentations. See presentations
multimodal text, 285–90 A description of a text that may include oral, visual, or audio elements in addition to (or instead of) words on a page. See also visuals and media
audio for, 289–90
blogs, 288
creating, 287–88, 290
design for, 262–71
media for, 36–37
nondigital, 290
note-
online assignments, 285
organizing, 56–57
planning, 44, 286–87
portfolios, 337–43
presentations, 272–84
Quick Help, 286
résumés, 327, 329
revising, 86
rhetorical situation for, 37, 285–86
social media, 288–89
tone in, 37
Twitter and microblogs, 288–89, 346, 359
video for, 289–90
wikis, 289
multiple negatives, 616
Muslim, 365
must, as helping verb, 534, 570–72, 573
myself, 538, 755