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vague pronoun reference, 4, 607–9
values, appeals to. See pathos (emotional appeals)
varieties of English, 367–73, 398
variety, in sentences, 672–77
dependent clauses, 675
length, 83–85, 672–73
openings, 84, 673–75
Quick Help, 673
structure, 85
transitional expressions, 674
type, 675–77
vehicle names, italics for, 744–45
veiled threats, in argument, 151
verb, 534, 536, 567–89 A word or phrase, essential to a sentence, that expresses the action of a sentence or clause. Verbs change form to show tense, number, voice, and mood.
agreement with subject, 590–97
auxiliary, 534, 569–73
base form, 567–69, 572–73
forms of, 567–69
helping, 534, 569–73
hyphen and, 10, 749
infinitive, 553–56
intransitive, 551
irregular, 573–76
linking, 550, 595
main, 534, 550, 569–73
for multilingual writers, 550–51, 569–73, 587–88, 622–23
phrasal, 10, 622–23
in predicate, 550–51
prepositional, 623
Quick Help, 569, 573, 583–84
regular, 573
signal, 234–35
strong, 680–81
transitive, 550–51, 623
two-
verbal A verb form that functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
gerunds, 553, 554–55
infinitives, 553–56, 584, 651
participles, 573–76
verbal phrases, 552, 674–75
verb phrase, 534, 552, 569–73 A main verb and one or more helping verbs, acting as a single verb.
very, 759
video prompts. See the directory of online activities on p. 817
videos. See multimodal text; visuals and media
videotaping presentations, 121–22
virtual libraries, 207
visual rhetoric, 262
visuals and media
accessibility of, 270, 275, 287
acknowledgment required for, 243, 270
altering, 152–53, 270–71
analyzing
as argumentative appeals, 145–46, 149
for fallacies, 152–53, 270–71
student example of, 135–36, 137–39
as texts, 135–39, 149
for arguments
analyzing, 145–46, 149
emotional appeals (pathos) with, 177–78
ethical appeals (ethos) with, 167–68
integrating, 182–83
logical appeals (logos) with, 174–75
choosing, 238, 268–71
citing, 270–71
APA style, 451, 478–81
Chicago style, 508–9
MLA style, 403, 435–40
Considering Disabilities, 267, 275, 287
creating, 285–90
in design, 262–63, 268–71
details in, 99–100
to explore a topic, 43–44
for global communication, 356
integrating, 182–83, 237–39
italics for titles, 743
labeling, 238–39, 270–71
APA style, 454, 457–58
Chicago style, 495
CSE style, 318, 518
MLA style, 405, 410–11, 439
misleading, 152–53, 270–71
for multimodal texts, 289–90
note-
for online texts, 268–71, 289–90
organizing, 50–54, 56–57
permission for, 238, 270
positioning, 270
for presentations, 122, 275, 279–81
Quick Help, 53, 268–69
quotation marks for titles, 715–16
reflecting on, 66
for research projects, 192
in résumés, 327, 329
revising, 86
rhetorical situation, 29, 37
sample student writing, 135–36, 137–39
in scientific writing, 316, 318
slides, media, 279–80
sources of, 206, 270
Talking the Talk, 137
as texts, 262
tone and, 37
types of
audio, 289–90
bar graphs, 269
cartoons, 270, 290
diagrams, 269
illustrations, 270
line graphs, 269
maps, 270
photographs, 152–53, 270
pie charts, 269
tables, 269
video, 289–90
uses of, 268–71
vocabulary
building, 389–93
in context, 394
Quick Help, 389
specialized, 294–95
voice, 527, 585–86, 663 The form of a verb that indicates whether the subject is acting or being acted on. In the active voice, the subject performs the action: Parker played the saxophone. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action: The saxophone was played by Parker.
voice-