The list of works cited is arranged alphabetically. The in-text citations in your writing point readers toward particular sources on the list.
name cited in signal phrase in text
Crystal explains…
name in parenthetical citation in text
…(Crystal 107).
beginning of entry in list of works cited
Crystal, David.
Models 1–5 on pp. 414–15 explain how to arrange author names. The information that follows the name of the author depends on the type of work you are citing—a book (models 6–27); a print periodical (models 28–34); a written text from a digital source, such as an article from a Web site or database (models 35–55); sources from art, film, comics, or other media, including live performances (models 56–71); and academic, government, and legal sources (models 72–79). Consult the model that most closely resembles the kind of source you are using.
1. one author. Put the last name first, followed by a comma, the first name (and initial, if any), and a period.
Crystal, David.
2. multiple authors. List the first author with the last name first (see model 1). Give the names of any other authors with the first name first. Separate authors’ names with commas, and include the word and before the last person’s name.
Martineau, Jane, Desmond Shawe-Taylor, and Jonathan Bate.
For four or more authors, either list all the names or list the first author followed by a comma and et al. (“and others”).
Lupton, Ellen, Jennifer Tobias, Alicia Imperiale, Grace Jeffers, and Randi Mates.
Lupton, Ellen, et al.
3. organization or group author. Give the name of the group, government agency, corporation, or other organization listed as the author.
Getty Trust.
United States. Government Accountability Office.
4. unknown author. When the author is not identified, begin the entry with the title, and alphabetize by the first important word. Italicize titles of books and long works, but put titles of articles and other short works in quotation marks.
“California Sues EPA over Emissions.”
New Concise World Atlas.
5. two or more works by the same author. Arrange the entries alphabetically by title. Include the author’s name in the first entry, but in subsequent entries, use three hyphens followed by a period. (For the basic format for citing a book, see model 6. For the basic format for citing an article from an online newspaper, see model 38.)
Chopra, Anupama. “Bollywood Princess, Hollywood Hopeful.” New York Times. New York Times, 10 Feb. 2008. Web. 13 Feb. 2008.
---. King of Bollywood: Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Indian Cinema. New York: Warner, 2007. Print.
Note: Use three hyphens only when the work is by exactly the same author(s) as the previous entry.