| A MAP OF TIME |
|---|
| 4th century | Christianity becomes state religion of Armenia, Axum, and Roman Empire |
| 5th–6th centuries | Introduction of Christianity into Nubia |
| 476 | Collapse of western Roman Empire |
| 527–565 | Justinian rules Byzantine Empire |
| 7th century | Introduction of Christianity into China; initial spread of Islam |
| 726–843 | Icon controversy in Byzantium |
| 800 | Charlemagne crowned as new “Roman emperor” |
| 988 | Conversion of Kievan Rus to Christianity |
| 1054 | Mutual excommunication of pope and patriarch |
| 1095–1291 | Crusaders in the Islamic world |
| 12th–13th centuries | Translations of Greek and Arab works available in Europe |
| 1346–1350 | Black Death in Europe |
| 1453 | Turks capture Constantinople; end of Byzantine Empire |
| 1492 | Christian reconquest of Spain completed; Columbus’s first voyage |