| A MAP OF TIME |
|---|
| ca. 4000 B.C.E. | Beginning of pastoral economies |
| ca. 1000 B.C.E. | Beginning of horseback riding |
| ca. 200 B.C.E.–200 C.E. | Xiongnu Empire |
| 6th–10th centuries | Various Turkic empires |
| 7th–10th centuries | Arab Empire |
| 10th–14th centuries | Conversion of Turkic peoples to Islam |
| 11th–12th centuries | Almoravid Empire |
| 1162–1227 | Life of Temujin (Chinggis Khan) |
| 1209–1368 | Mongol rule in China |
| 1237–1480 | Mongol rule in Russia |
| 1241–1242 | Mongol attacks on Eastern Europe |
| 1258 | Mongol seizure of Baghdad |
| 1274, 1281 | Failed Mongol attacks on Japan |
| 1295 | Mongol ruler of Persia converts to Islam |
| 1348–1350 | High point of Black Death in Europe |