| A MAP OF TIME |
|---|
| 1453 | Ottoman conquest of Constantinople |
| 1464–1591 | Songhay Empire in West Africa |
| 1480 | Russia emerges from Mongol rule |
| 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas divides the Americas between Spain and Portugal |
| 1501 | Safavid Empire established in Persia/Iran |
| 1519–1521 | Spanish conquest of Aztec Empire |
| 1526 | Mughal Empire established in India |
| 1529 | Ottoman siege of Vienna |
| 1530s | First Portuguese plantations in Brazil |
| 1532–1540 | Spanish conquest of Inca Empire |
| 1550 | Russian expansion across Siberia begins |
| 1565 | Spanish takeover of Philippines begins |
| 1607 | Jamestown, Virginia: first permanent English settlement in Americas |
| 1608 | French colony established in Quebec |
| 1680–1760 | Chinese expansion into Inner Asia |
| 1683 | Second Ottoman siege of Vienna |
| After 1707 | Fragmentation of Mughal Empire |