Acknowledgments

We are grateful to several anonymous reviewers whose comments influenced our thinking about academic authority and our understanding of the writers we describe in this piece. These writers were participants in the WARRANT Project, a research and curriculum development project at Carnegie Mellon University, sponsored in part by a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education. Principal investigators were D. S. Kaufer, C. M. Neuwirth, C. Geisler, and P. K. Covey. This component of the project included four case study subjects, paid volunteers recruited from freshman writing classes at CMU and from the philosophy departments at CMU and the University of Pittsburgh. See Geisler (Academic Literacy; “Sociocognitive”) and Kaufer and Geisler for further discussion of this writing task and research methodology.