Measuring emotion How could you measure fans’ emotional reactions after watching yet another loss? They might not be in the mood to fill out a questionnaire that asks how they feel, and even if they do complete one, they might not want to admit their disappointment. So you need a different procedure—a different operational definition of emotion. One possibility, as you will learn in detail in Chapter 6, is to measure facial expressions. Particular movements of facial muscles can be measured directly and can reveal people’s emotional states.