| ca. 293 | Diocletian establishes the tetrarchy |
| 313 | Edict of Milan, allowing practice of all religions in the Roman Empire |
| 325 | Council of Nicaea |
| 354–430 | Life of Saint Augustine |
| 378 | Visigoths defeat the Roman army at Adrianople |
| 380 | Theodosius makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire |
| 410 | Visigoths sack Rome |
| 429 | Vandals begin their conquest of North Africa |
| 476 | Odoacer deposes the last Roman emperor in the West |
| ca. 481–511 | Reign of Clovis |
| 493 | Theoderic establishes an Ostrogothic state in Italy |
| 527–565 | Reign of Justinian |
| 529 | The Rule of Saint Benedict |
| 535–572 | Byzantines reconquer and rule Italy |
| 597 | Pope Gregory I sends missionaries to Britain |