| 481–752 | Merovingian dynasty |
| ca. 571–632 | Life of the Prophet Muhammad |
| 651 | Official version of the Qur’an published |
| 711 | Muslim forces defeat Visigothic kingdom |
| 711–720 | Muslim conquest of Spain |
| ca. 760–840 | Carolingian Renaissance |
| 768–814 | Reign of Charlemagne |
| 800 | Imperial coronation of Charlemagne |
| 800–900 | Free peasants in western Europe increasingly tied to the land as serfs |
| 843 | Treaty of Verdun divides Carolingian kingdom |
| 850–1000 | Most extensive Viking voyages and conquests |
| ca. 900 | Establishment of Kievan Rus |
| 911 | Vikings establish Normandy |
| 950 | Muslim Córdoba is Europe’s largest and most prosperous city |
| 1000 | Stephen crowned first king of Hungary |