Make Connections
Analyze the larger developments and continuities within and across chapters.
Question
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In what sense were the states of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals empires rather than large states? Do all three equally deserve the term “empire”? Why or why not?
Question
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How did the expansion of European presence in the Indian Ocean after 1450 impinge on the societies and economies of each of the Islamic empires?
Question
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What made it possible for Islamic rulers to tolerate more religious difference than European Christian rulers of the same period?