| ca. 1500–1650 |
Consolidation of serfdom in eastern Europe |
| 1533–1584 |
Reign of Ivan the Terrible in Russia |
| 1589–1610 |
Reign of Henry IV in France |
| 1598–1613 |
Time of Troubles in Russia |
| 1612–1697 |
Caribbean islands colonized by France, England, and the Netherlands |
| ca. 1620–1740 |
Growth of absolutism in Austria and Prussia |
| 1642–1649 |
English Civil War, ending with the execution of Charles I |
| 1643–1715 |
Reign of Louis XIV in France |
| 1651 |
First of the Navigation Acts |
| 1653–1658 |
Oliver Cromwell’s military rule in England (the Protectorate) |
| 1660 |
Restoration of English monarchy under Charles II |
| 1665–1683 |
Jean-Baptiste Colbert applies mercantilism to France |
| 1670–1671 |
Cossack revolt led by Stenka Razin |
| 1682 |
Louis XIV moves court to Versailles |
| 1682–1725 |
Reign of Peter the Great in Russia |
| 1683–1718 |
Habsburgs push the Ottoman Turks from Hungary |
| 1685 |
Edict of Nantes revoked |
| 1688–1689 |
Glorious Revolution in England |
| 1701–1713 |
War of the Spanish Success |