Chapter 2. New Chapter Title

2.1 Section Title

true
true
Avoiding Plagiarism
avoiding
true

Original passage:

Given the shipping options available in the first half of the twentieth century, freezing salmon was much more practical than canning it. Yet Alaska’s 1939 exports of frozen salmon amounted to only $303 thousand. Although the territory’s exports of frozen halibut were more substantial, the paltry figures for its most famous fish are remarkable, especially since the salmon selected for freezing were the most prized varieties—coho, sockeye, and king. Compared with canning, freezing required less labor and fewer materials, both of which had to be imported at considerable expense. It also kept fish in a form that, in theory, resembled and could be substituted for fresh, arguably giving it more center-of-the-plate appeal than any kind of canned fish (especially one widely used as army rations). Nonetheless, frozen fish suffered from a stubborn image problem. Even as techniques improved and the industry insisted that frozen fish was as good as, better than, or the exact same thing as fresh, consumers didn’t trust it. How did a preservation technique so suited to fish’s perishable nature earn such a bad name? As always, the answer lies less in the technology itself than in the way it has been used.

Text version of the passage

Freidberg, Susanne. Fresh: A Perishable History. Harvard UP, 2009, pp. 248–249.

Question 2.1

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Original passage:

Wikipedia, though, is not all sweetness and light, and it does not always control itself. When the people can upload their own encyclopedia, lots of things can happen, and not all of them good. Your enemies can use it as a global poster board to smear your name if they want, and it can take time to sort out. John Seigenthaler Sr., the founding editorial director of USA Today and founder of the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, woke up one morning and found his bio on Wikipedia as follows: “John Seigenthaler Sr. was the assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy in the early 1960’s. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assassinations of both John, and his brother, Bobby. Nothing was ever proven.”

Text version of the passage

Friedman, Thomas L. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, p. 123.

Question 2.2

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Original passage:

Imagine what it would be like if a similar regime were imposed outside of sports. We would have to endure testing whenever we competed—at school, at work, and, since so many of us work at least in part where we live, at home. Moreover, because the positive effects of enhancements might persist after the use of enhancements ceases, the way the performance benefits provided by certain forms of enhancements in sports do, testing would have to take place on some schedule “outside of competition”—in other words, during our private lives. Moreover, to prevent people from masking the enhancement or otherwise thwarting the analyses, the tests would have to be conducted without forewarning, which means that, as we go about our lives, the authorities would have to know where we are at all times. And remember: so long as the tests continue to employ urinalysis, which is currently the cheapest test method, it would be necessary for the specimen to be obtained under observation.

Text version of the passage

Mehlman, Maxwell J. The Price of Perfection: Individualism and Society in the Era of Biomedical Enhancement. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009, 152.

Question 2.3

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Original passage:

Some time later I found another way to calculate just how much corn we had eaten that day. I asked Todd Dawson, a biologist at Berkeley, to run a McDonald’s meal through his mass spectrometer and calculate just how much of the carbon in it came originally from a corn plant. It is hard to believe that the identity of the atoms in a cheeseburger or a Coke is preserved from farm field to fast-food counter, but the atomic signature of those carbon isotopes is indestructible, and still legible to the mass spectrometer. Dawson and his colleague Stefania Mambelli prepared an analysis showing roughly how much of the carbon in the various McDonald’s menu items came from corn, and plotted them on a graph. The sodas came out at the top, not surprising since they consist of little else than corn sweetener, but virtually everything else we ate revealed a high proportion of corn, too. In order of diminishing corniness, this is how the laboratory measured our meal: soda (100 percent corn), milk shake (78 percent), salad dressing (65 percent), chicken nuggets (56 percent), cheeseburger (52 percent), and French fries (23 percent). What in the eyes of the omnivore looks like a meal of impressive variety turns out, when viewed through the eyes of the mass spectrometer, to be the meal of a far more specialized kind of eater. But then, this is what the industrial eater has become: corn’s koala.

Text version of the passage

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. The Penguin Press, 2006, p. 116–117.

Question 2.4

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Original passage:

Unbeknownst to them or their families, children who grow up in environments with few or no literacy experiences are already playing catch-up when they enter kindergarten and the primary grades. It is not simply a matter of the number of words unheard and unlearned. When words are not heard, concepts are not learned. When syntactic forms are never encountered, there is less knowledge about the relationship of events in a story. When story forms are never known, there is less ability to infer and to predict. When cultural traditions and the feelings of others are never experienced, there is less understanding of what other people feel.

Text version of the passage

Wolf, Maryanne. Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain. Harper Perennial, Harper Collins Publishers, 2007, 102.

Question 2.5

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