| 9.1 Principles of Cell Communication
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| Cells communicate using chemical signals that bind to specific receptors.
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| Signaling involves receptor activation, signal transduction, response, and termination.
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| 9.2 Cell Signaling Over Long and Short Distances
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| Endocrine signaling acts over long distances.
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| Signaling can occur over short distances.
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| Signaling can occur by direct cellâcell contact.
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| 9.3 Cell-Surface and Intracellular Receptors
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| Receptors for polar signaling molecules are on the cell surface.
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| Receptors for nonpolar signaling molecules are in the interior of the cell.
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| Cell-surface receptors act like molecular switches.
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| 9.4 G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Short-Term Responses
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| The first step in cell signaling is receptor activation.
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| Signals are often amplified in the cytosol.
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| Signals lead to a cellular response.
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| Signaling pathways are eventually terminated.
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| 9.5 Receptor Kinases and Long-Term Responses
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| Receptor kinases phosphorylate each other, activate intracellular signaling pathways, lead to a response, and are terminated.
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| Case 2: How do cell signaling errors lead to cancer?
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| Signaling pathways are integrated to produce a response in a cell.
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