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vague pronoun reference, 4, 607–9

values, appeals to. See pathos (emotional appeals)

varieties of English, 367–73, 398

variety, in sentences, 672–77

dependent clauses, 675

length, 83–85, 672–73

openings, 84, 673–75

Quick Help, 673

structure, 85

transitional expressions, 674

type, 675–77

vehicle names, italics for, 744–45

veiled threats, in argument, 151

verb, 534, 536, 567–89 A word or phrase, essential to a sentence, that expresses the action of a sentence or clause. Verbs change form to show tense, number, voice, and mood.

agreement with subject, 590–97

auxiliary, 534, 569–73

base form, 567–69, 572–73

forms of, 567–69

helping, 534, 569–73

hyphen and, 10, 749

infinitive, 553–56

intransitive, 551

irregular, 573–76

linking, 550, 595

main, 534, 550, 569–73

for multilingual writers, 550–51, 569–73, 587–88, 622–23

phrasal, 10, 622–23

in predicate, 550–51

prepositional, 623

Quick Help, 569, 573, 583–84

regular, 573

signal, 234–35

strong, 680–81

transitive, 550–51, 623

two-word, 10, 622–23, 749

verbal A verb form that functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

gerunds, 553, 554–55

infinitives, 553–56, 584, 651

participles, 573–76

verbal phrases, 552, 674–75

verb phrase, 534, 552, 569–73 A main verb and one or more helping verbs, acting as a single verb.

very, 759

video prompts. See the directory of online activities on p. 817

videos. See multimodal text; visuals and media

videotaping presentations, 121–22

virtual libraries, 207

visual rhetoric, 262

visuals and media

accessibility of, 270, 275, 287

acknowledgment required for, 243, 270

altering, 152–53, 270–71

analyzing

as argumentative appeals, 145–46, 149

for fallacies, 152–53, 270–71

student example of, 135–36, 137–39

as texts, 135–39, 149

for arguments

analyzing, 145–46, 149

emotional appeals (pathos) with, 177–78

ethical appeals (ethos) with, 167–68

integrating, 182–83

logical appeals (logos) with, 174–75

choosing, 238, 268–71

citing, 270–71

APA style, 451, 478–81

Chicago style, 508–9

MLA style, 403, 435–40

Considering Disabilities, 267, 275, 287

creating, 285–90

in design, 262–63, 268–71

details in, 99–100

to explore a topic, 43–44

for global communication, 356

integrating, 182–83, 237–39

italics for titles, 743

labeling, 238–39, 270–71

APA style, 454, 457–58

Chicago style, 495

CSE style, 318, 518

MLA style, 405, 410–11, 439

misleading, 152–53, 270–71

for multimodal texts, 289–90

note-taking, 230

for online texts, 268–71, 289–90

organizing, 50–54, 56–57

permission for, 238, 270

positioning, 270

for presentations, 122, 275, 279–81

Quick Help, 53, 268–69

quotation marks for titles, 715–16

reflecting on, 66

for research projects, 192

in résumés, 327, 329

revising, 86

rhetorical situation, 29, 37

sample student writing, 135–36, 137–39

in scientific writing, 316, 318

slides, media, 279–80

sources of, 206, 270

Talking the Talk, 137

as texts, 262

tone and, 37

types of

audio, 289–90

bar graphs, 269

cartoons, 270, 290

diagrams, 269

illustrations, 270

line graphs, 269

maps, 270

photographs, 152–53, 270

pie charts, 269

tables, 269

video, 289–90

uses of, 268–71

vocabulary

building, 389–93

in context, 394

Quick Help, 389

specialized, 294–95

voice, 527, 585–86, 663 The form of a verb that indicates whether the subject is acting or being acted on. In the active voice, the subject performs the action: Parker played the saxophone. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action: The saxophone was played by Parker.

voice-recognition software, 59